Impact of COVID-19 on Immunization Services for Maternal and Infant Vaccines: Results of a Survey Conducted by Imprint—The Immunising Pregnant Women and Infants Network

Saso, Anja; Skirrow, Helen; Kampmann, Beate

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030556

Cited by 80 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with evidence no COVID-19 and prior outbreaks, we found that fear of contracting COVID was a commonly reported reason for missed immunizations. [6,8,9,12] Public health policies will need to allay these fears by building trust in public primary care services, clearly communicating the importance of continuing immunizations even during a pandemic, and ensuring that attending immunization camps does not increase the risk of COVID infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] Travel and access barriers, supply-side disruptions due to provider shortages and suspended immunization services, and user fears of contracting COVID-19 have emerged as key reasons for reductions in immunizations. [8,9] Disruptions to routine and critical care during large disease outbreaks can have sizeable effects on health outcomes. Sharp decreases in health care utilization during the Ebola and SARS epidemics were estimated to have indirect mortality effects similar in magnitude to the direct effects of the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covid-19 Related Immunization Disruptions in Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Jain

Chopra

Falézan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionGovernments around the world suspended immunization outreach to control COVID-19 spread. Many have since resumed services with an emphasis on catch-up vaccinations to reach children with missed vaccinations. This paper evaluated immunization disruptions during India’s March-May 2020 lockdown and the extent to which subsequent catch-up efforts reversed them in Rajasthan, India.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we conducted phone surveys to collect immunization details for 2,144 children that turned one year old between January and October 2020. We used logistic regressions to compare differences in immunization timeliness and completed first-year immunization status among children that were due immunizations just before (unexposed), during (heavily exposed), and after (post-exposure) the lockdown.ResultsRelative to unexposed children, heavily exposed children were significantly less likely to be immunized at or before 9 months (OR 0.550; 95%CI 0.367-0.824; p=0.004), but more likely to be immunized at 10-12 months (OR 1.761; 95%CI 1.196-2.591; p=0.004). They were also less likely to have completed their key first-year immunizations (OR 0.624; 95%CI 0.478-0.816; p=0.001) by the time of survey. In contrast, post-exposure children showed no difference in timeliness or completed first-year immunizations relative to unexposed children, and their immunization coverage was 6.9pp above heavily exposed children despite their younger age. Declines in immunization coverage were larger among children in households that were poorer, less educated, lower caste, and residing in COVID red zones, although subgroup comparisons were not statistically significant.ConclusionDisruptions to immunization services resulted in children missing immunization during the lockdown, but catch-up efforts after it was eased ensured many children were reached at later ages. Nevertheless, catch-up was incomplete and children due their immunizations during the lockdown remained less likely to be fully immunized 4-5 months after it lifted, even as younger cohorts due immunizations in June or later returned to pre-lockdown schedules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Related Immunization Disruptions in Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Jain

Chopra

Falézan

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In LMICs, provider issues such as shortage of healthcare workers, closed vaccine clinics, suspension of vaccination services, and lack of personal protective equipment among health workers have been identified as barriers in vaccine delivery due to COVID-19. 29 These might lead to an increase in numbers of unimmunised or partially immunised children in community.…”

Section: Availability Of Vaccines and Healthcare Providersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, logistical barriers towards access to vaccines were noticed, which seem to be amplified with a lack of vision and clear action plan about moving forward. 29 The ongoing pandemic was introduced as a novel and massive threat which led to creating much chaos and panic in the healthcare system across the world. Consequently, many countries have been looking up to WHO international guidelines as the resource towards safe continuation to regular vaccination.…”

Section: Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, many countries have been looking up to WHO international guidelines as the resource towards safe continuation to regular vaccination. 29 While it is sensible to follow international guidelines, targeted protocols and country-specific guidelines must be created by LMICs to move forward. Every country has different national and regional settings that have an impact on routine service delivery.…”

Section: Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will COVID-19 Lead to a Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases?

Khatiwada¹,

Shrestha²,

Shrestha³

2021

IDR

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The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been affecting various sectors, including regular health services negatively. Vaccination, which saves the lives of 2-3 million populations of different age groups every year, is one of the most affected services by COVID-19. The routine vaccination services and outreach programs have been halted owing to lockdowns imposed on account of escalated cases of COVID-19 all over the world, affecting millions of lives at the stake of vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) henceforth. However, as it is becoming evident that we will have to live with COVID-19 for some time and many countries have lifted the lockdown, vaccination programs and campaigns have resumed with stringent preventive measures to be followed for COVID-19. These programs and campaigns have been trying to overlook and provide the missed vaccination during the imposed lockdown period and continue the other vaccination services to the public in the best possible ways. The collaborative approaches of various health-related organisations, governments and the healthcare workers are necessary to deliver the routine and mass vaccination services in an improvised manner.

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Mitigating the Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Child Health: a Call to Action

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to affect individuals, communities, and health systems worldwide. Here, we highlight how COVID-19 threatens to jeopardize the tremendous gains made over the last few decades on improving children’s health globally. Recent Findings In contrast to adults, children with COVID-19 are less likely to develop severe disease requiring hospitalization or die as a direct result of infection. However, the pandemic will likely have other important health impacts disproportionately affecting vulnerable children globally. Possible effects include worsening of poverty and food insecurity; disruption of already strained routine child health services; damage to already imperiled healthcare workforces; a wave of mental health challenges; interruption of education; and increased risks of violence, abuse, exploitation, and neglect. These challenges notwithstanding, the response to COVID-19 may also provide opportunities, such as for health system strengthening, that could improve child health after the pandemic. Summary The negative impacts of COVID-19 on global child health may be substantial. However, these are not foregone conclusions and much can be done to mitigate the worst outcomes. Child health providers should advocate for an equitable response to COVID-19 that prioritizes the health of vulnerable children and furthers the gains made in global child health.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Immunization Services for Maternal and Infant Vaccines: Results of a Survey Conducted by Imprint—The Immunising Pregnant Women and Infants Network

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Covid-19 Related Immunization Disruptions in Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Covid-19 Related Immunization Disruptions in Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Will COVID-19 Lead to a Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases?

Mitigating the Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Child Health: a Call to Action

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