Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown, during the Two Waves, on Drug Use and Emergency Department Access in People with Epilepsy: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Fornari, Carla; Maumus-Robert, Sandy; Cei, Eleonora; Paoletti, Olga; Conti, Sara; Cortesi, P.; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Gini, Rosa; Mazzaglia, Giampiero

doi:10.3390/ijerph182413253

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A reduction in the use of health services was reported worldwide [48]. Both in Europe and in the United States, patients with chronic conditions reported a lack of consultations with their physicians [49], while a decrease in accessing the emergency department was documented in Italy [50]. Additionally, the Spanish population's satisfaction with its healthcare system decreased between the first and second waves of pandemic [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens

Paltrinieri

Bressi

Mazzini

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has altered how citizens engage in activities. This study describes the new activities citizens engaged in during the first lockdown, factors that helped them cope with the confinement, the supports they used the most, and which supports they would have liked to receive. This cross-sectional study consists of an online survey made of 49 questions that was completed by the citizens of the province of Reggio Emilia (Italy) from 4 May until 15 June 2020. The outcomes of this study were explored by focusing on four of the survey questions. Of the 1826 citizens who responded, 84.2% had started new leisure activities. Males, participants who lived in the plain or foothills, and those who experienced nervousness engaged less in new activities, while those whose employment status changed, whose lifestyle worsened, or whose use of alcohol increased engaged in more activities. The support of family and friends, leisure activities, continuing to work, and an optimistic attitude were perceived to be of help. Grocery delivery and hotlines providing any type of information and mental health support were used frequently; a lack of health and social care services and of support in reconciling work with childcare was perceived. Findings may help institutions and policy makers to better support citizens in any future circumstances requiring prolonged confinement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens

Paltrinieri

Bressi

Mazzini

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…The method used in this study have been already described in other publications aimed at assessing the impact of lockdown on other drug classes in the Tuscan general population [23,24]. In this observational retrospective study, the healthcare administrative database (HAD) of Tuscany was used, covering approximately 3.6 million inhabitants.…”

Section: Data Source and Ethical Approvalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressants Drug Use during COVID-19 Waves in the Tuscan General Population: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

Antonazzo

Fornari

Maumus-Robert

et al. 2022

JPM

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In Italy, during the COVID-19 waves two lockdowns were implemented to prevent virus diffusion in the general population. Data on antidepressant (AD) use in these periods are still scarce. This study aimed at exploring the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on prevalence and incidence of antidepressant drug use in the general population. A population-based study using the healthcare administrative database of Tuscany was performed. We selected a dynamic cohort of subjects with at least one ADs dispensing from 1 January 2018 to 27 December 2020. The weekly prevalence and incidence of drug use were estimated across different segments: pre-lockdown (1 January 2018–8 March 2020), first lockdown (9 March 2020–15 June 2020), post-first lockdown (16 June 2020–15 November 2020) and second lockdown (16 November 2020–27 December 2020). An interrupted time-series analysis was used to assess the effect of lockdowns on the observed outcomes. Compared to the pre-lockdown we observed an abrupt reduction of ADs incidence (Incidence-Ratio: 0.82; 95% Confidence-Intervals: 0.74–0.91) and a slight weekly decrease of prevalence (Prevalence-Ratio: 0.997; 0.996–0.999). During the post-first lockdown AD use increased, with higher incidence- and similar prevalence values compared with those expected in the absence of the outbreak. This pandemic has impacted AD drug use in the general population with potential rebound effects during the period between waves. This calls for future studies aimed at exploring the mid–long term effects of this phenomenon.

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“…To evaluate the impact of health policy interventions on the rate of an outcome in a defined population using observational data, quasi-experimental designs are the best approaches [ 15 ]. For this reason, an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model [ 16 – 19 ] was finally performed to assess any statistically significant changes in the level of prevalence of use of each study drug in England and Italy after the final period of Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant predominance and the transition to the Omicron variant period. In the modelling phase we included the count every 2 weeks of the mAb/antiviral drug users as the outcome and the SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnoses every 2 weeks as offset to convert the count outcome in prevalence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antiviral Therapies for Early Treatment of COVID-19 Outpatients in a Real-World Setting: A Nationwide Study from England and Italy

et al. 2023

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Background Real-world data on early treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outpatients with newly approved therapies are sparse. Aim To explore the pattern of use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)/antiviral therapies approved for early COVID-19 treatment in non-hospitalized patients from England and Italy from December 2021 to October 2022. Methods Public national dashboards on weekly mAb/antiviral use and/or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnoses from the Italian Medicines Agency, the Italian National Institute of Health, National Health Service in England and the UK Government were explored. Prevalence of antiviral use in outpatients during the entire study period and every two weeks was calculated, as a whole and by class and compounds. An interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was carried out to assess the impact of predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants over time on the prevalence of use of mAbs/antivirals in England and Italy. Results Overall, 77,469 and 195,604 doses of mAbs/antivirals were respectively administered to a total of 10,630,903 (7.3 per 1000) and 18,168,365 (10.8 per 1000) patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and Italy. Prevalence of use every two weeks increased from 0.07% to 3.1% in England and 0.9% to 2.3% in Italy during the study period. Regarding individual compounds, sotrovimab (prevalence of use, 1.6%) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (1.6%) in England, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (1.7%) and molnupiravir (0.5%) in Italy, reported the highest prevalence during a 2-week period. In the ITS analysis, the transition from Delta to Omicron variant predominance was associated with a significant increase in the use of sotrovimab, molnupiravir, remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in both England and Italy, with a reduction of other marketed mAbs. The extent of the increase was higher in England than in Italy for all these drugs except for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Conclusions In this dual nationwide study, the prevalence of use of mAbs/antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 for early outpatients’ treatment increased slowly up to 2.0–3.0% of all patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in both England and Italy from December 2021 to October 2022. The trend of individual drug use varied in relation to predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants with some differences across countries. In line with scientific societies’ guidelines, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was the most frequently prescribed antiviral in both countries in the most recent period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40259-023-00601-w.

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Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown, during the Two Waves, on Drug Use and Emergency Department Access in People with Epilepsy: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens

Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens

Antidepressants Drug Use during COVID-19 Waves in the Tuscan General Population: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

Exploring the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antiviral Therapies for Early Treatment of COVID-19 Outpatients in a Real-World Setting: A Nationwide Study from England and Italy

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