Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Children and Adolescents after Liver Transplantation in a Latin American Reference Center

Freitas, Aline Ferreira de; Pugliese, Renata; Feier, Flávia Heinz; Miura, Irene Kazue; Danesi, Vera Lúcia Baggio; Oliveira, Eliene N.; Hirschfeld, Adriana Porta Miche; Borges, Cristian V.; Lobato, Juliana V.; Porta, Gilda; Neto, João Seda; Fonseca, Eduardo A.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10051030

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Since the first pediatric case of COVID-19 was reported on January 20, 2020 in China, there have been numerous reports worldwide attempting to address the issue of COVID-19 among this population (9)(10)(11). Evidence suggests that, in comparison to older populations, children are less likely to die from COVID-19, exhibit significantly lower case fatality rates, experience milder symptoms, and have a quicker recovery time than adults (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deadly impact of COVID-19 among children from Latin America: The case of Ecuador

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains a critical global health concern, with older adults being the most vulnerable group. Nonetheless, it is crucial to recognize that COVID-19 has caused numerous deaths in children worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that infants and breastfeeding children, particularly those aged below one year, face a greater risk of hospitalization and mortality than older children with COVID-19.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 among children during the early phase of the pandemic in Ecuador.MethodsWe conducted a country-wide population-based analysis of the epidemiology of COVID-19, using incidence and mortality data reported from Ecuador between February 15, 2020 and May 14 2021. Measurements of frequency, central tendency, dispersion, and absolute differences were calculated for all categorical and continuous variables.ResultsAt least 34,001 cases (23,587 confirmed cases, 5,315 probable and 5,099 suspected) and 258 COVID-19 related deaths have been reported among children in Ecuador during the first 16 months of the pandemic. The overall incidence rate was 612 cases per 100,000 children, the mortality rate was 3 per 100,000, while the case fatality rate was 0.76%. The highest risk group for infection was children and adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age; however, the highest mortality rate occurred in children under one year of age. The largest provinces, such as Pichincha, Guavas and Manabí, were the ones that reported the highest number of cases, 27%, 12.1% and 10.8%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report on COVID-19 epidemics among children in Ecuador. Our findings reveal that younger children have a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but a higher risk of mortality compared to older children and adolescents. Additionally, we observed significant disparities in infection rates and outcomes among children living in rural areas, those with comorbidities, and those from indigenous ethnic groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deadly impact of COVID-19 among children from Latin America: The case of Ecuador

et al. 2023

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Severe coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: Big data convergence study in Korea (K-COV-N cohort)

Kang

Kim

et al. 2023

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aparicio,

Willis,

Nakamura

et al. 2024

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background Risk stratification is a cornerstone of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society COVID-19 treatment guidance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated with critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Methods Two independent reviewers screened the literature (Medline and EMBASE) for studies published through August 31, 2023, that reported outcome data on patients aged ≤21 years with COVID-19. Critical disease was defined as an invasive mechanical ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, or death. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analyses. Results Among 10,178 articles, 136 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Data from 70 studies, which collectively examined 172,165 children and adolescents with COVID-19, were pooled for meta-analysis. In previously healthy children, the absolute risk of critical disease from COVID-19 was 4% (95% CI, 1%–10%). Compared with no comorbidities, the pooled OR for critical disease was 3.95 (95% CI, 2.78–5.63) for the presence of one comorbidity and 9.51 (95% CI, 5.62–16.06) for ≥2 comorbidities. Key risk factors included cardiovascular and neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary conditions (excluding asthma), diabetes, obesity, and immunocompromise, all with statistically significant ORs >2.00. Conclusions While the absolute risk for critical COVID-19 in children and adolescents without underlying health conditions is relatively low, the presence of one or more comorbidities was associated with markedly increased risk. These findings support the importance of risk stratification in tailoring pediatric COVID-19 management.

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Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Children and Adolescents after Liver Transplantation in a Latin American Reference Center

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

The deadly impact of COVID-19 among children from Latin America: The case of Ecuador

The deadly impact of COVID-19 among children from Latin America: The case of Ecuador

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: Big data convergence study in Korea (K-COV-N cohort)

Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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