Impact of continuing professional development versus traditional continuing pharmacy education on learning behaviors

McConnell, Karen; Delate, Thomas; Newlon, Carey L.

doi:10.1331/japha.2012.11080

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pharmacists who participated in the CPD trial and were still KPCO employees were invited to participate in an online sustainability survey in May 2012, approximately 3 years after the CPD trial. 3,4 The survey queried pharmacists on perceptions of pharmacy practice and learning behaviors and the sustainability of CPD. Approval to conduct this survey was obtained from the KPCO Institutional Review Board.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2008, Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) conducted a prepost, randomized controlled trial of 100 pharmacists to assess the effect of CPD compared to traditional continuing pharmacy education (CPE) on perceptions of factors related to pharmacy practice and learning behaviors. 3,4 While the CPD arm had significant improvements in perceptions of both pharmacy practice and learning behaviors relative to the CPE arm in the trial, it is unknown if these improvements are sustainable over time. Sustainability of these changes would imply that the benefits of finite CPD training would perpetuate without the need for additional interventions or motivations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sustainability of Improvements from Continuing Professional Development in Pharmacy Practice and Learning Behaviors

McConnell

Delate

Newlon

2015

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To assess the long-term sustainability of continuing professional development (CPD) training in pharmacy practice and learning behaviors.Methods. This was a 3-year posttrial survey of pharmacists who had participated in an unblinded randomized controlled trial of CPD. The online survey assessed participants' perceptions of pharmacy practice, learning behaviors, and sustainability of CPD. Differences between groups on the posttrial survey responses and changes from the trial's follow-up survey to the posttrial survey responses within the intervention group were compared. Results. Of the 91 pharmacists who completed the original trial, 72 (79%) participated in the sustainability survey. Compared to control participants, a higher percentage of intervention participants reported in the sustainability survey that they had utilized the CPD concept (45.7% vs 8.1%) and identified personal learning objectives (68.6% vs 43.2%) during the previous year. Compared to their follow-up survey responses, lower percentages of intervention participants reported identifying personal learning objectives (94.3% vs 68.6%), documenting their learning plan (82.9% vs 22.9%) and participating in learning by doing (42.9% vs 14.3%) in the sustainability survey. In the intervention group, many of the improvements to pharmacy practice items were sustained over the 3-year period but were not significantly different from the control group. Conclusion. Sustainability of a CPD intervention over a 3-year varied. While CPD-trained pharmacists reported utilizing CPD concepts at a higher rate than control pharmacists, their CPD learning behaviors diminished over time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sustainability of Improvements from Continuing Professional Development in Pharmacy Practice and Learning Behaviors

McConnell

Delate

Newlon

2015

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…McConnell and colleagues concluded that pharmacists were more likely to have improved learning behaviors with a CPD approach than those who participated in continuing professional education (CPE). 9 Bellanger and colleagues determined that most pharmacists correctly identified the major components of CPD but were not convinced that developing and maintaining a written plan or maintaining a portfolio would increase their ability to meet patient needs. 10 Following adoption in 2009 of CPD as an alternative to the traditional approach of pharmacists earning a minimum number of hours of CE to maintain their license, the State of North Carolina conducted a random CPD portfolio audit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US and International Health Professions’ Requirements for Continuing Professional Development

Tran

Tofade

Thakkar

et al. 2014

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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There is not a comprehensive global analysis of continuing professional development (CPD) and continuing education (CE) in the major health professions in published literature. The aim of this article is to summarize findings from the US and international literature on CPD and CE practices in the health professions, comparing the different requirements and frameworks to see what similarities and challenges exist and what the future focus should be for the pharmacy profession. A literature review was conducted on CPD and CE in selected health professions, namely pharmacy, medicine, nursing, ophthalmology, dentistry, public health, and psychology. Over 300 papers from the health professions were retrieved and screened. Relevant articles based on the abstracts and introductions were summarized into tabular form by profession, minimum requirements for licensure, nature of credits, guidelines on how to record CE and CPD activities, and specific CE and CPD definitions. Wide variations exist among the health professions. Lessons learned from this information can be used to further clarify and define the role of CE and CPD and self-directed lifelong learning in pharmacy and the health professions.

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“…One such mechanism is continuous professional development (CPD), which allows for ongoing, interactive education with assessment of educational performance and needs [2] . It was found that in one study comparing CPD vs. traditional CE programs, pharmacists who adopted the CPD approach are more likely to report that various aspects of their learning behaviors improved as a result of education activities then pharmacists who participated in traditional CE [3] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is critical for a pharmacist to not only attain technical competencies but also to be able to apply what he or she has learned in their daily practice in order to enhance patient outcomes. According to a survey regarding attitudes towards CPD, workplace learning is a pivotal yet under-emphasized component of CPD and that peer-support is vital in adopting a CPD paradigm [3] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique pharmacist competency program at community-based, teaching hospitals

Tran

El-Ibiary

Tindula

et al. 2013

JHA

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Background: The pharmacy profession continues to evolve and shape itself with increasing complexity. With this escalating complexity, pharmacist clinical competency needs to be addressed within each healthcare practice setting. The objectives of this study were to describe a unique pharmacist competency program and evaluate its satisfaction at two community hospitals. Methods:Long Beach Memorial and Miller Children's Hospital of Long Beach are tertiary community hospitals with 308 total beds for Millers Children's Hospital and 462 total beds for Long Beach Memorial. A unique and intensive pharmacist competency program has been established at these hospitals for over 20 years. The content of this program was assessed and a survey was conducted in March 2011 to ascertain pharmacist satisfaction. Results:The unique pharmacist competency program was structured in the form of age-related, hospital-wide and unit specific modules, pharmacy-regulated therapies (PRT), and a Pharmacy Skills Day that provide updates on PRT and other pharmacy-related topics. Forty-two of 61 (69%) pharmacists responded to the survey. Mean age of pharmacists was 38.8 ± 11.5 years, 36% were male, 86% completed residency training, and 12% were board-certified pharmacotherapy specialists. Over 80% of pharmacists agreed that the program was informative and supportive of their daily patient care activities. Although the program was well-received by the pharmacists, there were facets of the program that needed improvement, including resources for continuing education opportunities and additional modules for competency. Conclusion:A unique pharmacist competency program at two community hospitals was described. The program was well-received by the pharmacists, and, more importantly, ensured continuous professional development in pharmacy practice.

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Impact of continuing professional development versus traditional continuing pharmacy education on learning behaviors

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

The Sustainability of Improvements from Continuing Professional Development in Pharmacy Practice and Learning Behaviors

The Sustainability of Improvements from Continuing Professional Development in Pharmacy Practice and Learning Behaviors

US and International Health Professions’ Requirements for Continuing Professional Development

Unique pharmacist competency program at community-based, teaching hospitals

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