Impact of Consumer Awareness and Knowledge to Consumer Effective Behavior

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between consumers' awareness and knowledge to effective consumers' behaviors. This study employs survey technique to measure three variables comprises of consumer awareness, knowledge and behaviors. Measurement instruments have been developed in light of Malaysian context and all items attempt to capture basic requirement for food services and/or products in conjunction with Malaysian consumers' rights. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the proposed relationships, while differences across gender, location and education level had been examined through t-test independent group analysis. The analysis indicates significant relationship between awareness and effective consumer behavior. The result demonstrates that awareness is prior to effective consumers' behaviors; while unawareness leads to ignorant and reduction of individual capacity in protecting and upholding their rights against sellers' expropriations. Nevertheless, consumers' awareness differs significantly between locations in which the urban dwellers showed lesser awareness compared to the less-urban areas.

Generation Y’s Complaint Behavior toward Online Shopping

“…Measurement's tool on the perception of rights and obligations of consumers is a modified version of Ishak and Zabil (2012), Bhuian and Enazi (2013), and Zahrah (2014). Consumer's lifestyle segmentation using VALS2 instruments adopted from Wilbanks (2005).…”

城市居民低碳行为认知失调的成因——“知识—行为”的双中介模型

“…而， 2018 年 《公民环保行为调查报告》 [2] 却显示： 仅有 55%左右的居民实施了低碳行为。这种认知与行为 的 "缺口" 成为推进绿色低碳生活方式的障碍之 一。是什么原因导致了这种居民低碳行为上的认 知失调？如何减少这种认知失调就成为亟待解决 的问题。 居民低碳行为的认知失调是指在低碳消费上 认知、 态度等和实际行为的不一致。Festinger 的认 知失调理论 [3] 指出： 当人们对事物的态度与实际行 为不一致时的状态是认知失调， 认知失调会产生焦 虑， 在没有外部诱因和行为可控的情况下， 个体会 通过改变态度或改变行为等途径减少失调。但是， 个体减少认识失调的倾向取决于导致失调因素的 重要性。学者们尝试从行为感知 [4] 、 从众心理 [5] 、 环 境关注 [6] 、 自我调节倾向 [7] 等方面分析绿色消费中的 认知失调。但是， 这些研究无法解释为什么宣传教 育促进了居民低碳意识的提高， 却没有带来实际行 为的同步改善？ "知识-态度-行为" 理论 [8] 认为知识是形成态 度的前因， 并通过态度驱动实践行为。Gyberg 等 [9] 的 研究发现， 由于缺乏充分的知识， 即使居民具有环保 意识， 却未必能有效落实到实际行为上； Jasmin 等 [10] 收稿日期： 2018-11-05 修订日期： 2018-12- 16 基金项目： 中国矿业大学双一流建设文化传承专项 "能源矿业经济智库" 项目 (2018WHCC01) 。 [17][18][19][20] 、 人口特征因素 [21][22][23][24] 、 家庭特征因素 [16,[25][26][27] ， 以 及外部情境因素 [28][29][30][31] 等 4 个方面。虽然少数研究中 也提及了环保知识对低碳行为的作用， 然而在知识 作用上却存在较大争议。一类观点认为知识对行 为具有显著促进作用 [22,[32][33][34][35][36][37] ； 另一类观点则认为知识 对行为的作用不显著 [13,19,[38][39][40][41]…”

Important Factors in Information Technology Governance Awareness: An Empirical Survey of the Expert’s Opinion in Indonesia

“…People are one of the most important components (Yadav and Barve, 2015), where people have unique and unpredictable characteristics (Da Veiga and Eloff, 2007;Yadav and Barve, 2015;Kuusk and Gao, 2015). Humans are a very important part of having knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in psychology, often called Awareness (Ishak and Zabil, 2012;Desa et al, 2011).…”