Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of Turkish–Kurdish political relations on Kurdish consumers' behavior toward Turkish products. The following variables were included as predictors: consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment. An online survey was conducted to collect the data; it attracted 1,100 participants. Seven hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling. The study findings show that consumer animosity has a significant impact on boycott participation, motivation, and product judgment. Purchase readiness is significantly affected by product judgment and boycott participation. Purchase aversion is significantly impacted by boycott participation and boycott motivation. This study gives insight into a conflict that has not been previously covered; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to examine the consumers' perspective on the on the Turkish–Kurdish conflict.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Online Consumer Purchasing Behavior

“…The systematization of scientific publications made it possible to single out several studies that play a fundamental role in the development of e-commerce and online shopping behavior theories. Some scientists concluded that motivation, environment, political factors [12,13], accessibility, and communication [14] have a substantial influence on the attitude of online consumers to e-services. Other scholars have devoted themselves to consumer trust and its effect on online shopping behavior [15,16].…”

Corporate Social Responsibility : The Influence of Employee Engagement on Corporate Social Responsibility

“…The Cronbach's Alpha for ten employee engagement's ten items = .849 which is greater than .6 this means that ten items used for employee engagement factor were reliable for this study and the Cronbach's Alpha for ten corporate social responsibility's ten items = .775 which is greater than .6 this means that ten items used for corporate social responsibility factor were reliable for this study. The above table (3) shows the correlation analysis between employee engagement and corporate social responsibility. The value of Pearson Correlation = .858 ** which is greater than 0.01 this means that there is a positive and strong correlation between employee engagement and corporate social responsibility.…”

Rakip Futbol Taraftarlarının Tüketici Düşmanlığı, Negatif Ağızdan Ağıza İletişim (nWOM) ve Boykot Davranışları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

“…The research model was created to reveal the relationships between the variables in line with the literature. Models and hypotheses were created within the scope of the research; Klein and John (2001), Tian (2010), Antonetti et al (2019), Ali (2021), Öztürk and Nart (2021). Figure 1 shows the research model.…”

“…As a result, a boycott represents antimass consumer behaviour towards a product, brand, business, country, or idea, influenced by some political and social external environmental factors. Consumer boycott behaviour can be affected by many factors such as animosity, negative WOM, religion, ethnocentrism, and country of origin image (Tabassi et al, 2012;Abdul-Talib et al, 2016;Dessy et al, 2017;Ali, 2021).…”