Impact of compulsory helmet legislation on mortality rate and types of head and facial injuries in Jabalpur

Marya, Jayant; Dhirawani, Rajesh B; Dube, Gunjan; Pathak, S.M.; Dausage, Priyanka; Sethi, Jasveen Kaur

doi:10.1016/j.ajoms.2016.08.008

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All studies assessed legislation related specifically to motorcycle helmet use. Eight studies [21,[23][24][25]28,41,42,45] utilized national-level data, another 13 studies [22,26,27,29,30,[33][34][35][36][37]39,40,46] utilized regional-level data, and the last 4 studies [31,38,41,43] were limited to single center experience. There were 9 studies based from AMR-US/CAN, 4 studies from EUR, 1 from AMR-L, 4 from SEAR, 6 from WPR, and 1 from EMR.…”

Section: Odds Of Helmet Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When stratifying by income level, the odds of TBI after the enactment of the law was significantly more pronounced in HICs (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.54; 0.69; I 2 : 90.2%; pheterogeneity < 0.0001; 10 studies) in comparison to LMICs (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72; 0.86; I 2 : 50.8%; p-heterogeneity 0.15; 2 studies); p-value comparing both income groups was 0.0007 (Fig 4). Four studies [35,40,44,45] reported incidence rates specific to clinical diagnosis of severe TBI, while the other eight [24,25,32,33,36,39,41,42,48] included incidence rates broadly based on ICD-9 codes for "head injury" or "traumatic brain injury." There was no significant difference in the benefit demonstrated in those studies evaluating the odds specifically of severe TBI versus studies including all types of TBI (p-value: 0.32).…”

Section: Odds Of Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differences in outcomes of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation by country income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The recent Lancet Commission on Legal Determinants of Global Health argues that governance can provide the framework for achieving sustainable development goals. Even though over 90% of fatal road traffic injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) primarily affecting motorcyclists, the utility of helmet laws outside of high-income settings has not been well characterized. We sought to evaluate the differences in outcomes of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation and determine whether these varied across country income levels. Methods and findings A systematic review and meta-analysis were completed using the PRISMA checklist. A search for relevant articles was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1990 to August 8, 2021. Studies were included if they evaluated helmet usage, mortality from motorcycle crash, or traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence, with and without enactment of a mandatory helmet law as the intervention. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to rate study quality and funnel plots, and Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess for small study bias. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were stratified by high-income countries (HICs) versus LMICs using the random-effects model. Twenty-five articles were included in the final analysis encompassing a total study population of 31,949,418 people. There were 17 retrospective cohort studies, 2 prospective cohort studies, 1 case–control study, and 5 pre–post design studies. There were 16 studies from HICs and 9 from LMICs. The median NOS score was 6 with a range of 4 to 9. All studies demonstrated higher odds of helmet usage after implementation of helmet law; however, the results were statistically significantly greater in HICs (OR: 53.5; 95% CI: 28.4; 100.7) than in LMICs (OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 3.58; 6.49), p-value comparing both strata < 0.0001. There were significantly lower odds of motorcycle fatalities after enactment of helmet legislation (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.83) with no significant difference by income classification, p-value: 0.27. Odds of TBI were statistically significantly lower in HICs (OR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.69) than in LMICs (0.79, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.86) after enactment of law (p-value: 0.0001). Limitations of this study include variability in the methodologies and data sources in the studies included in the meta-analysis as well as the lack of available literature from the lowest income countries or from the African WHO region, in which helmet laws are least commonly present. Conclusions In this study, we observed that mandatory helmet laws had substantial public health benefits in all income contexts, but some outcomes were diminished in LMIC settings where additional measures such as public education and law enforcement might play critical roles.

show abstract

Section: Odds Of Helmet Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Odds Of Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in outcomes of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation by country income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 6 The use of motorcycle helmets has been shown to be helpful in reducing the risk of death and head injury in motorcycle crashes. 7 , 8 The aim of study was to find out the effectiveness of helmet use and to highlight its importance in reducing TBI in motorbike riders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of head injury in motorbike riders

Ahmed¹,

Rehman²,

Afzal³

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine the impact of helmet wearing on traumatic brain injury. Methods: We analyzed 400 cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in motorbike riders with and without helmet, from July 2017 to December 2020 presenting to the neurosurgery department at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan. The medical records were analyzed for CT scan findings, length of hospital stay, complications (mortality and disability), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at time of discharge. Results: A total of 400 patients with head injury due to motorbike accidents were included and all were male patients. They were equally divided into two groups, 200 in Group-A (with helmet) and 200 in Group-B (without helmet). Majority of the unhelmeted patients i.e. 102 (51%), needed admission in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) compared to 70 (35%) in helmeted. When comparing non-helmeted patients to helmeted patients, the total median length of hospital stay was greater among non-helmeted patients (10 vs 05 days). Mortality was higher among non-helmeted patients seen in 50 (25%) as compared to 14 (7%) in helmeted patients. Overall, the good outcome was observed in 119 (59.5%) patients in Group-A as compared to70 (35%) patients in Group-B while 81 (40.5%) showed bad outcome in Group-A and 130 (64%) in Group-B. The failure to wear a helmet was found to be strongly linked with abnormal neuroimaging more complications, poor outcome and lower GCS on discharge as compared to patients using helmet. Conclusion: Lack of helmet use is linked to abnormal brain imaging, more complications, and a longer stay in the hospital after a head injury. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6371 How to cite this: Ahmad S, Rehman L, Afzal A, Javeed F. Outcome of head injury in motorbike riders. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6371 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

show abstract

“…All studies assessed legislation related specifically to motorcycle helmet use. Eight studies[21,[23][24][25]28,41,42,45] utilized national-level data, another 13 studies [22,26,27,29,30,[33][34][35][36][37]39,40,46] utilized regional-level data, and the last 4 studies[31,38,41,43] were limited to single center experience. There were 9 studies based from AMR-US/CAN, 4 studies from EUR, 1 from AMR-L, 4 from SEAR, 6 from WPR, and 1 from EMR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Outcomes of Mandatory Motorcycle Helmet Legislation by Country-Income Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impact of compulsory helmet legislation on mortality rate and types of head and facial injuries in Jabalpur

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Differences in outcomes of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation by country income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Differences in outcomes of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation by country income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcome of head injury in motorbike riders

Differences in Outcomes of Mandatory Motorcycle Helmet Legislation by Country-Income Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About