Impact of colostrum and plasma immunoglobulin intake on hippocampus structure during early postnatal development in pigs

Pierzynowski, Stefan; Ушакова, Г. А.; Kovalenko, T. M.; Osadchenko, I.; Goncharova, Kateryna; Gustavsson, Per; Prykhodko, Olena; Woliński, J.; Słupecka, Monika; Ochniewicz, Piotr; Weström, Björn; Skibo, G. G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.03.003

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…It is noteworthy in this study that IF remained inferior to BC and HM, even using a relatively slow (27). Furthermore, IF products are clearly inferior to intact milk products in stimulating immunity and mucosal defense mechanisms (28)(29)(30). This study demonstrates that preterm pigs display lower physical activity level relative to term pigs over the first week of life and that a slow increase in enteral nutrition stimulates GIT growth as well as physical activity level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…A direct neuroprotective role of colostrum is supported by the enhanced microgliogenesis and hippocampus neuron density in 3-d-old term pigs fed sow's colostrum vs. formula (28), and the colostrum-induced reduced neurological deficit in a rodent model of brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (31). As indicated above, increased physical activity in term pigs, and in MEN-fed preterm pigs, may also result from improvements in the general clinical status, secondary to enhanced nutrient absorption via improved GIT maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

et al. 2015

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Background: Preterm infants show delayed development of motor function after birth. This may relate to functional immaturity of many organs, including the gut and brain. Using pigs as model for preterm infants, we hypothesized that early initiation of enteral feeding stimulates both gut growth and neonatal physical activity. Methods:In experiment 1, preterm and term pigs were fed parenteral nutrition (PN) or PN plus bovine colostrum (BC, 16-64 ml/kg/d enterally) for 5 d. In experiment 2, preterm pigs were fed PN+BC or PN+formula for 5 d. In experiment 3, preterm pigs were fed BC, formula, or human milk (HM) for 10 d. Incubator home cage activity (HCA) was quantified by continuous camera recordings. results: Preterm birth was associated with reduced intestinal weight and HCA (experiment 1), and BC or formula supplementation increased intestinal weights and HCA (experiments 1+2). Enteral BC and HM feeding increased HCA, intestinal weights, and necrotizing enteritis resistance, relative to formula (experiment 3). conclusion: Preterm pigs show decreased physical activity, and the first enteral feeds diet dependently stimulate both gut growth and physical activity. The effects may arise from maturation of digestive, metabolic, and neurological functions, including gut serotonin production, by the first enteral feeds and milk bioactive factors.P reterm infants are a high-risk patient population with a variety of developmental complications, including delayed neurodevelopment and a high incidence of brain insults. Even when newborn preterm infants show no clinically observable brain defects, it is common to observe that such infants exhibit slower postnatal development of motor skills, compared with term infants. Even at term-corrected age, the brains in preterm infants may show compromised gray matter volume and altered developmental trajectory (1), probably explaining delayed neonatal arousal (2,3) and immature neuromuscular function and brain electroencephalography (4). In more longterm studies, preterm infants have shown reduced postural complexity (5) and lowered motor function (6), potentially persisting until school age (7), or even into adulthood (8). Thus, early impairment of physical locomotion in preterm infants may have long-term consequences.There is rapidly increasing evidence of functional links among the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the diet, and the brain, especially in early life (9). Growth rate and nutrient intakes in early life may affect later neuromuscular and cognitive outcomes, but the mechanisms are largely unknown (10). Much focus has been devoted to the possible role of the lipid fraction of milk, but firm evidence for diet effects are lacking, not only in infants (11) but also in various animal models (12). In addition to the direct effects of nutrients and dietary factors on neurodevelopmental endpoints, indirect effects may arise from links between the early diet on gut growth, enteric nervous system, signaling molecules like serotonin (5-HT), and/ or gut microbiota. Studies in mice show...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

et al. 2015

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“…A previous study by our lab showed a positive relationship between plasma levels of IG and hippocampus development during the first 3 days of postnatal development [16]. The hippocampus is involved in memory and learning, which are processes shown to be deficient in premature infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The possible mechanisms of extra-immunological effects of immunoglobulins have not yet been elucidated and require further investigation, especially with regards to the development of the CNS. In fact, only one publication from our lab [16] indirectly points out the effects of absorbed immunoglobulins on brain function/development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies from our lab [16,17] have highlighted the influence of IG on brain development, behavior and survival in preterm and newborn piglets, which are naturally hypogammaglobulinemic at birth. The “extra-immunological” effects of IG on central nervous system development are poorly understood and the treatment of preterm, symptomatically “healthy” infants, with IG in order to ensure their proper development is still not included in common healthcare guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig

et al. 2017

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Neurological disorders are among the main clinical problems affecting preterm children and often result in the development of communication and learning disabilities later in life. Several factors are of importance for brain development, however the role of immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer) has not yet been investigated. Piglets are born agammaglobulinemic, as a result of the lack of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in utero, thus, they serve as an ideal model to mimic the condition of immunoglobulin deficiency in preterm infants. Thirty six, unsuckled newborn piglets were fed an infant formula or colostrum and supplemented orally or intravenously with either species-specific or foreign immunoglobulin and then compared to both newborn and sow-reared piglets. Two days after the piglets were born behavioural tests (novel recognition and olfactory discrimination of conspecifics scent) were performed, after which the piglets were sacrificed and blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampi samples were collected for analyses. Both parameters of neuronal plasticity (neuronal maturation and synapse-associated proteins) and behavioural test parameters appeared to be improved by the appearance of species-specific porcine immunoglulin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid of the piglets. In conclusion, we postulate possible positive clinical effects following intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin in terms of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in preterm infants born with low blood immunoglobulin levels.

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Effect of cow colostrum on the performance and survival rate of local newborn piglets in Benin Republic

Agbokounou¹,

Ahounou

Karim

et al. 2016

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The effect of bovine colostrum, including its thermally labile compounds, on the survival and growth performance of local breed piglets reared by their mother, in Benin, was evaluated over a 49-day trial. Three groups of 16 piglets, stemming from two primiparous sows belonging to a unique traditional farm, were respectively fed for the first 48 h of life with either bovine colostrum heated to 85 °C for 30 min, or thawed bovine colostrum, or colostrum from the mother. Thereafter, the animals that received bovine colostrum turned back to their mother. At day 21, almost all piglets from the group that received heated colostrum died. The highest total weight gain was obtained in the group that received thawed bovine colostrum (P ˂ 0.01), followed by the group left with the mother. Corresponding average daily gains (ADGs) were 56, 34 and 2 g/day, respectively (P ˂ 0.05). At the end of the trial, the treatment effect was highly significant on the survival of piglets (100% in the thawed colostrum group vs. 00 and 50%, respectively, in the heated colostrum group and in the group left with the mother). At day 49, numerically higher weight and ADGs were obtained in the group that received thawed cow colostrum. Thawed bovine colostrum improved the growth performance and piglet survival in the local pig breed in Benin, probably owing to thermally labile components. Bovine colostrum may be used in our farms in order to reduce pre-weaning mortality, improve the profitability of livestock farmers, and ensure survival of traditional farms. The use of bovine colostrum on farms could be facilitated by collaboration between pig farmers and bovine farmers. It could also be facilitated by the creation of a colostrum bank.

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Impact of colostrum and plasma immunoglobulin intake on hippocampus structure during early postnatal development in pigs

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig

Effect of cow colostrum on the performance and survival rate of local newborn piglets in Benin Republic

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