Impact of climate on feeding, production and reproduction of animals-A Review

Savsani, H. H.; Padodara, R. J.; Bhadaniya, A.R.; Kalariya, V A; Javia, B. B.; Ghodasara, S. N.; Ribadiya, N.K.

doi:10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00003.3

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Likewise, Amundson et al [50] reported 3.2% decrease in pregnancy rates in Bos taurus cattle for each unit increase in THI above 70, and a decrease of 3.5% for each degree increase in ambient temperature above 23.4°C. Further, heat stress during pregnancy slows down the growth of the foetus, which was attributed to the decreased uterine blood supply [51], which hampers supply of nutrients and hormones to the conceptus [45]. Slow growing embryos fail to signal pregnancy to the maternal organism in due time.…”

Section: Impact On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the negative energy balance decreased the plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and caused delayed ovulation [33]. The poor folliculogenesis and delayed ovulations during heat stress resulted in longer calving interval, reduced the birth weight and milk yield [51]. Further, longer service period in buffaloes during summer may be due to the higher incidence of silent estrus [1].…”

Section: Pre-partum Period and Days Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Krishnan¹,

Bagath²,

Pragna³

et al. 2017

Theriogenology

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Heat stress affects the fertility and reproductive livestock performance by compromising the physiology reproductive tract, through hormonal imbalance, decreased oocyte quality and poor semen quality, and decreased embryo development and survival. Heat stress decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone and estradiol resulting in reduced length and intensity of estrus expression, increased incidence of anoestrus and silent heat in farm animals. Oocytes exposed to thermal stress lose its competence for fertilization and development into the blastocyst stage, which results in decreased fertility because of the production of poor quality oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, low progesterone secretion limits the endometrial functions, and subsequently embryo development. In addition, the increased secretion of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha during heat stress threatens the maintenance of pregnancy. In general, the percentage of conception rate was found to be reduced by 4.6% for each unit increase in temperature humidity index (THI) above 70, and heat stress during pregnancy further slows down the growth of the foetus and results in lower birth weight. In tropical and subtropical regions, during hot days, the testicular temperature may increase and impair both the spermatogenic cycle and semen quality, which culminates in decreased bull fertility. The effects of heat stress on livestock can be minimized via adapting suitable scientific strategies comprising physical modifications of the environment, nutritional management and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress. In addition, the summer infertility may be countered through advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, timed artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which may enhance the chances for establishing pregnancy in farm animals.

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Section: Impact On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-partum Period and Days Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Krishnan¹,

Bagath²,

Pragna³

et al. 2017

Theriogenology

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“…Therefore, the reduction in food consumption promote its thermoregulation [13,37]. Heat stress stimulates peripheral heat receptors to transmit suppressing nerve impulses to the appetite center present in the hypothalamus causing a decrease in food consumption [15] (Figure 1), in this sense, it has been shown that buffaloes voluntarily reduce intake by 9-13% in hot conditions [38]. Likewise, Habeeb et al [39], reported that heat stress conditions of 36 and 32 ° C caused a significant reduction in the daily body weight gain of buffalo calves in 22.6 and 16.5%, respectively, when compared to temperate climatic conditions (18 ° C).…”

Section: Behavioral Changes Due To Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Behavioral Changes of Water Buffalo in Hot and Cold Systems: Review

et al. 2020

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This review's objective is to provide information on the mechanisms that buffaloes express during the thermoregulation process. Generally, the water buffalo is associated with warm and tropical climates. In these systems, the combination of high temperature, relative humidity, and radiation cause different physiological and behavioral changes, particularly during the summer months. Wallowing behavior in water or mud promotes heat dissipation through physical mechanisms, such as conduction, convection, and radiation. Furthermore, the provision of natural or artificial shades contributes to thermoregulation and maintains homeostasis. In production systems in cold climates, the wallowing behavior is inhibited by the water temperature, so it is important to keep the animals protected in stables to avoid the cold winds and rapid drops in temperature, causing increased illness pneumonia and sometimes death. Finally, in cold conditions, the animals require an appropriate diet since the use of energy is distributed mainly for the production of heat. Thus, heat stress and cold stress generates relevant problems in health, welfare, and productivity in water buffaloes. A comprehensive assessment of the severity of the resulting problems associated with thermal stress and specialty in cold stress in water buffaloes is necessary so far, and there's very little information about it in this species.

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“…There were interspecific differences in metabolic rates, and also had individual differences at the intraspecific level (Savsani et al, 2015). "Metabolism switch hypothesis" pointed that animals can regulate their metabolic rates under a chronic food shortage by reducing metabolic levels (Merkt and Taylor, 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Food Restriction and Metabolic Level On Energy Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of food restriction on energy metabolism in male Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan mountain region of China

Chen

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJAR

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To investigate the relationship between the energy strategies in response to food restriction and the levels of metabolism in small mammals, body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity were measured in Apodemus chevrieri that were subjected to different levels of food restriction (FR). The results showed that cold-exposed group had significantly increased RMR and NST, but decreased body mass and survival rate after being restricted to 80% of ad libitum food intake compared with their counterparts maintained at room temperature. A. chevrieri with higher RMR consumed higher food intake than individuals with lower RMR, whereas no differences were observed in body mass and survival rate between two groups after being restricted to 80% of ad libitum food intake. The results suggest that A. chevrieri characterized by higher levels of metabolism are sensitive to periods of FR, providing a support for the “metabolism switch hypothesis”.

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Impact of climate on feeding, production and reproduction of animals-A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction

Physiological and Behavioral Changes of Water Buffalo in Hot and Cold Systems: Review

Effects of food restriction on energy metabolism in male Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan mountain region of China

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