“…Soil texture, soil fertility, stream density, soil depth, soil moisture, and distance to rivers/irrigation are universal natural drought indicators used in drought assessment [ 16 , 17 , 29 , 30 ]. Climatic factors directly influence the climate of the region [ 31 ] and contribute to drought [ 32 , 33 ]. Various climatic factors, including precipitation, temperature, precipitation days, evaporation, and humidity, have been considered in drought assessment studies [ 2 , 13 , 27 , 34 ].…”