Impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism: implications for type 2 diabetes

Mason, Ivy C.; Qian, Jie; Adler, Gail K.; Scheer, Frank A.J.L.

doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05059-6

Cited by 193 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…While various measures of glycaemic control have been improved in previous ad libitum and energy-matched TRE interventions of varying durations (4 days to 12 weeks), all previous investigations have been in those with normal or impaired glucose tolerance [4,5,[7][8][9]27,44,48]. Individuals with T2D have altered circadian patterns of glucose regulation [17,49], with greatest impairments to glucose tolerance in the morning compared to the evening in those with normal or impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, individuals with T2D are heterogenous in the response to glucose loads and, in the current investigation, participants varied in their baseline glycaemic control (HbA1c) and length since T2D diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the most effective TRE approach for individuals with T2D may be delaying breakfast to mid-morning. Additionally, as late night eating is a common, modifiable factor of the modern lifestyle [17], which adversely affects glycaemic control [18,19], strategies such as TRE which reduces late night eating [3] may improve glycaemic control in individuals with T2D. Specifically, data from a 2-week pilot study of intermittent fasting (equivalent to 4-6 h TRE) indicated that individuals with T2D were able to restrict their energy intake to~8 h per day for two weeks and was beneficial for glycaemic management, but 40% indicated they would not continue with the dietary restriction [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

et al. 2020

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Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require a long-term dietary strategy for blood glucose management and may benefit from time-restricted eating (TRE, where the duration between the first and last energy intake is restricted to 8–10 h/day). We aimed to determine the feasibility of TRE for individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (HbA1c >6.5 to <9%, eating window >12 h/day) were recruited to a pre-post, non-randomised intervention consisting of a 2-week Habitual period to establish baseline dietary intake, followed by a 4-weeks TRE intervention during which they were instructed to limit all eating occasions to between 10:00 and 19:00 h on as many days of each week as possible. Recruitment, retention, acceptability, and safety were recorded throughout the study as indicators of feasibility. Dietary intake, glycaemic control, psychological well-being, acceptability, cognitive outcomes, and physiological measures were explored as secondary outcomes. From 594 interested persons, and 27 eligible individuals, 24 participants enrolled and 19 participants (mean ± SD; age: 50 ± 9 years, BMI: 34 ± 5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 1.1%) completed the 6-week study. Overall daily dietary intake did not change between Habitual (~8400 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 41% fat, 1% alcohol) and TRE periods (~8500 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 19% protein, 42% fat, 1% alcohol). Compliance to the 9 h TRE period was 72 ± 24% of 28 days (i.e., ~5 days/week), with varied adherence (range: 4–100%). Comparisons of adherent vs. non-adherent TRE days showed that adherence to the 9-h TRE window reduced daily energy intake through lower absolute carbohydrate and alcohol intakes. Overall, TRE did not significantly improve measures of glycaemic control (HbA1c −0.2 ± 0.4%; p = 0.053) or reduce body mass. TRE did not impair or improve psychological well-being, with variable effects on cognitive function. Participants described hunger, daily stressors, and emotions as the main barriers to adherence. We demonstrate that 4-weeks of TRE is feasible and achievable for these individuals with T2D to adhere to for at least 5 days/week. The degree of adherence to TRE strongly influenced daily energy intake. Future trials may benefit from supporting participants to incorporate TRE in regular daily life and to overcome barriers to adherence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

et al. 2020

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“…However, in recent years its role in glucose control and in T2D risk or treatment has received increasing attention. This is partly due to the discovery of T2D risk variants in MTNR1B, and partly because of the compelling evidence for the adverse impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism [1]. Melatonin, as a circadian hormone, peaks during the nighttime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Effects on Glucose Metabolism: Time To Unlock the Controversy

Garaulet

Qian

Florez

et al. 2020

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

Self Cite

104

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The last decade has witnessed a revival of the interest in the hormone melatonin, partly attributable to the discovery that variance in MTNR1B-the melatonin receptor 1b gene-is a risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type-2-diabetes. Despite intensive investigation, there exists considerable confusion and seemingly conflicting data on the metabolic effects of melatonin and MTNR1B variation, and disagreement on whether melatonin may be metabolically beneficial or deleterious, a critical question for melatonin-agonist/antagonist drug development, and dosing time. We provide a conceptual framework-anchored in the dimensions of "time"-to reconcile paradoxical findings in the literature. We propose that the relative timing between elevated melatonin concentrations and glycemic challenges should be considered in order to better understand the mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities of melatonin signaling in glycemic health and disease. Highlights Melatonin has been investigated mostly for its role in sleep and circadian regulation. The recent discovery of MTNR1B as a novel type 2 diabetes (T2D) gene has sparked great interest in the role of melatonin in glucose control among diabetologists and basic researchers alike. Despite intensive research, there exist conflicting data regarding the effects of melatonin and MTNR1B genotype on glucose control, and disagreement on whether melatonin may increase or decrease fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and T2D risk.

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“…However, when feeding occurs at random times, these same nutrient-responsive pathways provide feedback to the circadian clocks to 'phase shift' so that on subsequent days food is anticipated at the new feeding time [21]. Such circadian disruption acutely impacts glycaemic control through impairments to beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (for review, see [22]). The importance of the circadian clock and its role in protecting against metabolic disorders is clearly demonstrated from results in genetically manipulated mouse models [23].…”

Section: Circadian Biology and Metabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrono-nutrition for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: from mice to men

2020

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The proliferation in the rate of diagnosis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus continues unabated, with current recommendations for primary lifestyle changes (i.e. modification to dietary patterns) having a limited impact in reducing the incidence of these metabolic diseases. Part of the reason for the failure to alter nutritional practices is that current dietary recommendations may be unrealistic for the majority of adults. Indeed, round-the-clock access to energy-dense, nutrient-poor food makes long-term changes to dietary habits challenging. Hence, there is urgent need for innovations in the delivery of evidence-based diet interventions to rescue some of the deleterious effects on circadian biology induced by our modern-day lifestyle. With the growing appreciation that the duration over which food is consumed during a day has profound effects on numerous physiological and metabolic processes, we discuss dietary protocols that modify the timing of food intake to deliberately alter the feedingfasting cycle. Such chrono-nutrition functions to optimise metabolism by timing nutrient intake to the acrophases of metabolic rhythms to improve whole-body insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control, and thereby positively impact metabolic health.

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Impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism: implications for type 2 diabetes

Cited by 193 publications

References 49 publications

Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Melatonin Effects on Glucose Metabolism: Time To Unlock the Controversy

Chrono-nutrition for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: from mice to men

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