Impact of chronic variable stress on neuroendocrine hypothalamus and pituitary in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Nair, Betina B.; Aung, Zin Khant; Porteous, Robert; Prescott, Melanie; Glendining, Kelly A.; Jenkins, Danielle; Augustine, Rachael A.; Silva, Mauro S B; Yip, Siew Hoong; Bouwer, Gregory T.; Brown, Colin H.; Jasoni, Christine L.; Campbell, Rebecca E.; Bunn, Stephen J.; Anderson, Greg M.; Grattan, David R.; Herbison, Allan E.; Iremonger, Karl J.

doi:10.1111/jne.12972

“…In an animal study, Nair Betina et al examined hypothalamic, pituitary, and endocrine responses to 14 days of chronic variable stress (CVS) in male and female mice. The mRNA expression of pituitary TSH increased significantly during CVS as well as upregulation of the neuroendocrine stress axis [ 32 ]. At the gene level, the study of thyroid hormones and immune cells has gradually increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Changes in the Northern Area of Tianjin during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Dong

¹

,

Wu

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Purpose. This study aimed to determine whether and how stress-induced thyroid hormone changes occur during the COVID-19 pandemic in the northern area of Tianjin. Methods. This study comprised two groups of study subjects in Tianjin: before (2019) and during (2020) the COVID-19 outbreak. Subjects were included if they had FT3, FT4, and TSH concentrations and thyroid TPOAb or TgAb information available. People who were pregnant, were lactating, or had mental illness were excluded. We used propensity score matching to form a cohort in which patients had similar baseline characteristics, and their anxiety level was measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Results. Among the 1395 eligible people, 224 in Group A and 224 in Group B had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyses. The detection rate of abnormal thyroid function was decreased in pandemic Group B (69.2% vs. 93.3%, χ2 = 42.725, p < 0.01 ), especially for hypothyroidism (14.29% vs. 35.71%, χ2 = 27.429, p < 0.01 ) and isolated thyroid-related antibodies (25.89% vs. 38.39%, χ2 = 8.023, p < 0.01 ). The level of FT4 (z = −2.821, p < 0.01 ) and HAMA score (7.63 ± 2.07 vs. 5.40 ± 1.65, t = 16.873, p < 0.01 ) went up in Group B; however, TSH (z = −5.238, p < 0.01 ), FT3 (z = −3.089, p = 0.002 ), TgAb (z = −11.814, p < 0.01 ), and TPOAb (z = −9.299, p < 0.01 ) were lower, and HAMA was positive with FT3 (r = 0.208, p < 0.01 ) and FT4 (r = 0.247, p < 0.01 ). Conclusion. People in the northern area of Tianjin during the COVID-19 outbreak were at an increased risk of higher FT4, lower FT3, and lower TSH. The HAMA scores increased in emergency situations and were positively correlated with the levels of FT3 and FT4.

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“…However, not all stress paradigms result in suppression of the estrous cycle. For example, altered estrous cyclicity was not identified in either a 2-week unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol 37 or a daily restraint (homotypic) stress model 38…”

Section: Reproductive Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all stress paradigms result in suppression of the estrous cycle. For example, altered estrous cyclicity was not identified in either a 2‐week unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol 37 or a daily restraint (homotypic) stress model 38 in mice. Determination of estrous cyclicity in rodents is routinely performed by analysis of cells collected from vaginal lavage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuron during stress

McCosh

¹

,

O’Bryne

²

,

Karsch

³

et al. 2022

J Neuroendocrinology

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The effect of stress on reproduction and gonadal function has captivated investigators for almost 100 years. Following the identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 50 years ago, a niche research field emerged fixated on how stress impairs this central node controlling downstream pituitary and gonadal function. It is now clear that both episodic GnRH secretion in males and females and surge GnRH secretion in females are inhibited during a variety of stress types. There has been considerable advancement in our understanding of numerous stress-related signaling molecules and their ability to impair reproductive neuroendocrine activity during stress. Recently, much attention has turned to the effects of stress on two populations of kisspeptin neurons: the stimulatory afferents to GnRH neurons that regulate pulsatile and surge-type gonadotropin secretion. Indeed, future work is still required to fully construct the neuroanatomical framework underlying stress effects, directly or indirectly, on GnRH neuron function. The present review evaluates and synthesizes evidence related to stress-related signaling molecules acting directly on GnRH neurons. Here, we review the evidence for and against the action of a handful of signaling molecules as inhibitors of GnRH neuron function, including corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortins, norepinephrine, cortisol/corticosterone, calcitonin gene-related peptide and arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3.

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“…There is strong evidence that the vasopressinergic system is activated during stress and that the blockade of V1 AVP receptors significantly reduces stress-induced anxiety and depression behavior [ 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ]. Serotonin, Ang II, and cytokines may be engaged in the stimulation of AVP release during various types of stress [ 44 , 45 , 48 ].…”

Section: Regulation Of Oxytocin and Vasopressin Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation

Szczepañska‐Sadowska

¹

,

Wsol

²

,

Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska

³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The neurons secreting oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) are located mainly in the supraoptic, paraventricular, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. Oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic projections reach several regions of the brain and the spinal cord. Both peptides are released from axons, soma, and dendrites and modulate the excitability of other neuroregulatory pathways. The synthesis and action of OXY and AVP in the peripheral organs (eye, heart, gastrointestinal system) is being investigated. The secretion of OXY and AVP is influenced by changes in body fluid osmolality, blood volume, blood pressure, hypoxia, and stress. Vasopressin interacts with three subtypes of receptors: V1aR, V1bR, and V2R whereas oxytocin activates its own OXTR and V1aR receptors. AVP and OXY receptors are present in several regions of the brain (cortex, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum) and in the peripheral organs (heart, lungs, carotid bodies, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, uterus, thymus). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and coexisting factors, such as pain and stress, have a significant impact on the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and on the expression of their receptors. The inappropriate regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during ischemia, hypoxia/hypercapnia, inflammation, pain, and stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

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Impact of chronic variable stress on neuroendocrine hypothalamus and pituitary in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Thyroid Hormone Changes in the Northern Area of Tianjin during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Thyroid Hormone Changes in the Northern Area of Tianjin during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Regulation of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuron during stress

Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation

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