Impact of Chronic Smoking on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Shen, Wang; Zhao, Hui; Huang, Caihong; Li, Zhengri; Li, Wei; Zhang, Xiaobo; Liu, Zuguo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168763

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Wang et al . 17 found an insignificant correlation between TBUT values and OSDI score in their group of participants, whereas Ozcura et al . 18 reported a significant correlation between OSDI score and TBUT values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of smoking on tear stability and corneal surface

Mohidin

Jaafar

2020

J Curr Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To determine the effect of smoking on tear stability and ocular surface of the cornea among students aged between 19 and 25 years. This study also aimed to find a correlation between tear film stability with a score of McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire (MDEQ) and Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI). Methods: This is a prospective, non-interventional, comparative study of 59 male (27 smokers and 32 non-smokers) undergraduates of a public university. Tear film stability was evaluated using non-invasive tear break-up time and fluorescein tear break-up time. Corneal staining was determined using Efron grading scale. MDEQ and OSDI Questionnaires were used to assess dry eye symptoms. Data were obtained from the right eye only and analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis. Results: The age range of the participants was between 19 and 25 years. The mean age for smokers and non-smokers was 22.19 ± 2.20 and 21.22 ± 1.83 years, respectively ( P = 0.07). The smoker group had statistically significant lower tear film stability than the non-smoker group ( P < 0.0001). Corneal staining was statistically significant higher at the nasal and temporal parts of the cornea in smokers ( P < 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between tear film stability and scores of MDEQ and OSDI. Conclusions: Tobacco smoke has a significant effect on the tear film stability, seen in reduced tear stability values among smokers. Corneal staining was found to be more extensive in the smokers. These findings would be useful to eye-care providers in the management of their dry eye patients related to smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of smoking on tear stability and corneal surface

Mohidin

Jaafar

2020

J Curr Ophthalmol

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“…A number of pathological and environmental factors, such as inflammation, autoimmune disorder, aging, cigarette smoking, and contact lens wearing, are considered risk factors for MGDs [10,11]. In addition, rare genetic disorders may cause defective ectodermal development, and thereby MG agenesis, resulting in either partial loss or complete absence of the glands, or coarsening of the acini [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meibomian gland morphogenesis requires developmental eyelid closure and lid fusion

et al. 2017

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Background and purpose Meibomian glands (MGs) play an important role in the maintenance of ocular surface health, but the mechanisms of their development are still poorly understood. The MGs arise from the epithelium at the junction of eyelid fusion, raising the possibility that defective eyelid fusion disturbs the formation of MGs. Methods We examined, histologically and functionally, the development of MGs in mice with either normal or defective eyelid fusion, displaying eye-closed at birth (ECB) or eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotypes, respectively. Results The Meibomian anlage was detected in the epithelium at the eyelid fusion junction immediately after birth at postnatal day 0 (PD0), and it extended into the eyelid stroma at PD1 and started to branch and produce meibum at PD7 in the ECB mice. In contrast, few if any MG structures were detectable in the EOB mice in the early postnatal periods. The Meibomian gland ductile system was seen aligned along the eyelid margin in the adult ECB mice, but was absent or scarce in that of the EOB mice. While MG abnormalities were found in all EOB mice, the severity varied and corresponded to the position and the size of eye opening but not the genetic defects of the mice. Conclusion Proper Meibomian gland formation and development require eyelid closure and fusion.

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“…The reason for this association may be that smoking releases various inflammatory mediators causing hyperviscosity of the meibum and also lead to hyperkeratinization of the meibomian gland system leading to decrease secretion of the meibum affecting the tear film stability. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence or absence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and its assessment was done according to the protocol set by Wang et al . [ 7 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye disease and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in chronic smokers

Narnoli

Dhasmana

Khanduri

2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To study the effect of smoking on tear film parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) in chronic smokers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 60 (120 eyes) smokers who have smoked at least 10 pack-year and an equal number of healthy subjects as a control for comparison. In addition to history, a detailed slit-lamp examination was done to evaluate the anterior and posterior segments. All patients underwent Schirmer’s I test (SIT) with Whatman-41 filter paper, tear meniscus height (TMH), and RNFL with a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and tear film breakup time (TBUT) with 2% fluorescein and cobalt blue filter using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: The (mean ± SD) age of the participants was 56.48 ± 10.38 years. There was a statistically significant reduction in tear film parameters in smokers compared to nonsmokers ( P = 0.000). The incidence of MGD was found to be higher in smokers when compared to nonsmokers with a P value of 0.000. RNFL in all four quadrants was also significantly reduced in smokers compared to nonsmokers ( P = 0.00). Conclusion: This study shows that chronic smoking leads to an increased incidence of dry eye disease and is associated with RNFL thinning. Smoking can result in cumulative RNFL loss in patients with ocular neurodegenerative disorder and OCT of these patients may have to be interpreted keeping this in mind.

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Impact of Chronic Smoking on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of smoking on tear stability and corneal surface

Effect of smoking on tear stability and corneal surface

Meibomian gland morphogenesis requires developmental eyelid closure and lid fusion

Dry eye disease and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in chronic smokers

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