Impact of Chromosome 9 Numerical Imbalances in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Grid-Based Centromere Analysis

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered an aggressive malignancy, mainly due to its increased propensity to provide local and distant lymph node metastases. Gross chromosome instability (CI; polysomy/aneuploidy/monosomy), combined or not with specific gene alterations, is implicated in the development and progression of solid malignancies, including OSCC. In order to further study the relationship between these genetic alterations and the aggressive biological behavior of OSCCs, we investigated the frequency and impact of chromosome 9 numerical imbalances in these tumors. Fifty (n = 50) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary OSCC tissue sections were used. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was implemented for detecting chromosome 9 (CEN—centromere enumeration) numerical alterations. Concerning the screening process in CISH slides, a novel, real-time reference and calibration grid platform was implemented. Chromosome 9 polysomy was observed in 8/50 (16%) tissue sections, whereas the rest of them demonstrated a normal, diploid pattern (42/50; 84%). Chromosome 9 polysomy was associated with the grade of differentiation of the examined tumors (p = 0.036). Chromosome 9 numerical imbalances (polysomy) were observed in sub-groups of OSCCs correlating with a progressive dedifferentiation of the malignant tissues. Concerning the implementation of the proposed grid-based platform as described above on CISH slides, it provides a novel, fast, and accurate screening mapping mechanism for detecting chromosome numerical imbalances.

Role of P16, P53 and Cyclin D1 in Detection of HPV Induced Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

“…Such findings agreed with Kyrodimos, et al 22 study that showed that cyclin d1 expression was associated to stage and grade of the examined patients (p value=0.001; 0.0014, respectively).…”

“…Such findings agreed with Kyrodimos, et al 22 that showed statistical correlation of P53 regarding anatomic location (glottic), (p value =0.44).…”

Differential Retrospective Analysis in Oral Cancerous, Pre-cancerous, and Benign Tissue Biopsies

“…Concerning the histo-molecular profile of the previously described malignant neoplasms, recently published studies explored the impact of gross chromosome and specific gene numerical aberrations on their clinicpathological features [24][25][26]. Additionally, epigenetic and micro-molecular factors, including hyper-hypo methylation and microRNAs, seem to be very promising markers for prognosis and targeted therapeutic strategies in subsets of patients suffering from oral malignancies [27][28][29][30].…”