Impact of Chloronicotinyl Insecticide, Imidacloprid on Egg, Egg-Larval and Larval Parasitoids Under Laboratory Conditons

Preetha, G.; Manoharan, T.; Stanley, J.; Kuttalam, S.

doi:10.2478/v10045-010-0088-z

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Neonicotinoid insecticides are the only major new class of insecticides developed in the past three decades and these insecticides have higher selectivity factors for insects versus mammals than the organophosphates, methylcarbamates, and organochlorines (Tomizawa and Casida 2005;Preetha et al 2010). Neonicotinoid insecticides act upon nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Neonicotinoids to Ceratitis Capitata and Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Raga¹,

Sato²

2011

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstarct:The effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) adults were evaluated under broadcast spray and toxic bait systems in the laboratory. In general, when C. capitata and A. fraterculus were sprayed with insecticides, the time required for killing them was inversely proportional to the neonicotinoid concentrations. By cover spray, females and males of A. fraterculus were more susceptible to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam than C. capitata, presenting significantly lower LT 50 . In the case of imidacloprid bait, no differences at LT 50 were detected between females or males of both fruit flies or between sexes of respective fruit fly species. In general, C. capitata and A. fraterculus adults died in all the toxic baits up to 7 days after application on citrus leaves in the field. The data emphasize the viability of the use of neonicotinoids for the control of fruit flies. Key words: medfly, South American fruit fly, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, toxic bait INTRODUCTIONThe medfly -Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and South American fruit fly -Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) were considered the most important fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Brazil in terms of economic importance, due to their large distribution, dominance and number of known hosts. Besides damage to the yield, the incidence of both species provides specific restrictions to export trade fruit to several countries around the world.A wide range of fruits and vegetables are infested by C. capitata and A. fraterculus in Brazil (Zucchi 2000, 2001), including almost all commercial fruits. In the state of São Paulo, both tephritid species have been captured in McPhail traps almost all year long, although with different population peaks.In Brazilian, malathion and others organophosphates have been used in the field against fruit flies over the past 40 years (Sampaio et al. 1966;Orlando and Sampaio 1973;Reis Filho 1994;Salles 1995). Nowadays, five organophosphates, two pyrethroids and spinosad were registered in Brazil for controlling fruit flies (Agrofit 2010). Although the applications are effective in initial fruit fly infestations, the successive sprays of organophosphates and pyrethroids have caused secondary insect and mite pest outbreaks in many Brazilian orchards, like orange (personal information) and pome fruits (Kovaleski et al. 2000). Furthemore, organophosphate applications are restricted (Vargas et al. 2002;Barry and Polavarapu 2004) in many countries. The restrictions make it difficult to manage tephritid populations in fruit crops. Hsu et al. (2004) suggest that Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) can develop resistance to various insecticides, including malathion. Cross-resistance between chemicals may also be found for this species. Koren et al. (1984) concluded that medfly females can develop slight resistance to malathion after a nine generation selection process.Although registered insecticides in Brazil are still effective against C. c...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Neonicotinoids to Ceratitis Capitata and Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Raga¹,

Sato²

2011

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…The residual impact of systemic insecticides, like imidacloprid, has been investigated on the emergence of natural enemies (e.g. Preetha et al, 2010). However, the longevity, fecundity and general searching ability of natural enemies, in particular parasitoids, has not been addressed adequately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Mgocheki

Addison

2015

SAJEV

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Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide used for the control of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus. However, biological control of P. ficus is the primary alternate management method recommended for the integrated control of this pest. We therefore aimed to establish the detrimental effects on the development of Anagyrus. sp. near pseudococci and Coccidoxenoides perminutus feeding on imidacloprid-contaminated vine mealybugs as indicated by the subsequent emergence and survival of the F 1 generation. The results imply that A. sp. near pseudococci and C. perminutus were equally susceptible to imidacloprid, based on probit analysis. However, survival was significantly different between the control and insecticide treatment for C. perminutus (χ 2 = 23.80; d.f. = 3; p < 0.001), but not for A. sp. near pseudococci (χ 2 = 5.07; d.f. = 3; p = 0.17). As this study was laboratory based, the effect of imidacloprid on populations of parasitoids in the field should be assessed further. Treatment recommendations to minimise the impact on parasitoids are discussed briefly.

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“…Imidacloprid is relatively nontoxic to T. confusum (Zhang 1997). However, some exceptions do occur, for example, imidacloprid has been reported to be harmful to T. chilonis, T. cacoeciae Marchal, and T. brassicae Westwood (Preetha et al 2010a, Saber 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Selected Insecticides and Risk Assessment in the Insect Egg Parasitoid <I>Trichogramma confusum</I> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Wang¹,

Chen²,

An³

et al. 2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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The parasitoid Trichogramma confusum Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important natural enemy of many lepidopterans throughout the world. Extensive toxicological tests have clarified the toxic effects of insecticides on trichogrammatids, but only few studies have examined these effects on T. confusum. Among the seven classes of tested chemicals, organophosphates and carbamates exhibited the highest intrinsic toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 0.037 (0.030-0.046) to 0.29 (0.23-0.38) and from 0.17 (0.15-0.19) to 1.61 (1.45-1.79) mg AI L(-1), respectively. They were followed by phenylpyrazoles, avermectins, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, which induced variable toxicity responses with LC50 values ranging from 0.63 to 45.26, 1.06-21.73, 3.89-19.36, and 0.24-754.2 mg AI L(-1), respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) showed the least toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 3,907 (3,432-4,531) to 10,154 (8,857-12,143) mg AI L(-1). A risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids (except thiamethoxam), avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs, and phenylpyrazoles are safe, but organophosphates and carbamates are slightly to moderately or dangerously toxic to T. confusum. This study provides informative data for implementing both biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management of lepidopterans.

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Impact of Chloronicotinyl Insecticide, Imidacloprid on Egg, Egg-Larval and Larval Parasitoids Under Laboratory Conditons

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Toxicity of Neonicotinoids to Ceratitis Capitata and Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Toxicity of Neonicotinoids to Ceratitis Capitata and Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Susceptibility to Selected Insecticides and Risk Assessment in the Insect Egg Parasitoid <I>Trichogramma confusum</I> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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