Impact of childhood cancer on parental employment and sources of income: A Canadian pilot study

Limburg, Heather; Shaw, Amanda; McBride, Mary L.

doi:10.1002/pbc.21448

Cited by 73 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous studies showing that a majority of parents are able to return to stable income and employment within five years after diagnosis [3,5]. We have previously reported on the consequences of having a child with cancer on work situation, sick leave and income in this cohort and shown that although mothers reported more sick leave, their work situation at one year after end-of-treatment appeared normalized, whereas fewer fathers were working compared with pre-diagnosis [9].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…There is a lack of longitudinal studies with long-term follow-up on the impact of childhood cancer on parents' work situation. However, some studies have found a majority of families reporting employment and income levels comparable with pre-diagnosis levels within five years following diagnosis [3,5]. One large population-based Norwegian study, where the majority of children were diagnosed more than five years earlier, found limited adverse effects of childhood cancer on parents' employment [5].…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial number of parents of children diagnosed with cancer experience significant occupational and financial consequences including employment and income loss, affected work ability, reduced work hours, and sick leave, both during and after treatment completion [3,4]. The impact on parental income, employment and sick leave is greatest during treatment and the effect on employment and earnings is greater among mothers than fathers [3,[5][6][7][8]. There is a lack of longitudinal studies with long-term follow-up on the impact of childhood cancer on parents' work situation.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Parents of children diagnosed with cancer: work situation and sick leave, a five-year post end-of-treatment or a child’s death follow-up study

et al. 2016

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Background: Cancer in a child is associated with a significant impact on parental employment. We assessed the proportions of parents of survivors and bereaved parents working and reporting sick leave five years after end of successful treatment (ST)/child's death (T7) compared with one year after end of ST/child's death (T6) and the association between partial post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and work situation and sick leave at T7. Participants and procedure: The sample included 152 parents of survivors (77 mothers, 75 fathers) and 42 bereaved parents (22 mothers, 20 fathers) of children diagnosed with cancer in Sweden. Results: The proportions of parents working or reporting sick leave did not differ among mothers and fathers of survivors (92% vs. 96% working, 20% vs. 18% on sick leave) or among bereaved mothers and fathers (91% vs. 90% working, 14% vs. 20% on sick leave) at T7. There was no change from T6 to T7 in the proportion of fathers working (fathers of survivors 91% vs. 96%, bereaved fathers 95% vs. 90%). Although more mothers of survivors (92% vs. 82%) and bereaved mothers (91% vs. 77%) worked at T7 than at T6, this increase was not significant. Fewer bereaved mothers reported sick leave at T7 than at T6 (14% vs. 59%, p < 0.05). Although more fathers reported sick leave at T7 than at T6 (fathers of survivors 18% vs. 8%, bereaved fathers 20% vs. 15%), this was not significant. Partial PTSD was not associated with parents' work situation or sick leave at T7. Conclusion: Results suggest little adverse effect on work situation and sick leave among parents of survivors and bereaved parents five years after end of ST/child's death from cancer. However, the pattern of change observed differed between parents, which could potentially indicate possible delayed consequences for fathers not captured in the present paper.

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Section: Interpretation Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Parents of children diagnosed with cancer: work situation and sick leave, a five-year post end-of-treatment or a child’s death follow-up study

et al. 2016

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“…6 This includes 11% to 35% of parents who quit their jobs to care for their children, 5,6,10 although this effect may be short-lived. 10 A major limitation of this growing body of literature is that the economic consequences of the end-of-life period have been neglected. Only two studies included a small number of bereaved parents, 8,10 and neither described their experiences in…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmeasured Costs of a Child's Death: Perceived Financial Burden, Work Disruptions, and Economic Coping Strategies Used by American and Australian Families Who Lost Children to Cancer

Dussel

Bona

Heath

et al. 2011

JCO

108

135

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Purpose Financial concerns represent a major stressor for families of children with cancer but remain poorly understood among those with terminally ill children. We describe the financial hardship, work disruptions, income loss, and coping strategies of families who lost children to cancer. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional survey of 141 American and 89 Australian bereaved parents whose children died between 1990 and 1999 and 1996 to 2004, respectively, at three tertiary-care pediatric hospitals (two American, one Australian). Response rate: 63%. Results Thirty-four (24%) of 141 families from US centers and 34 (39%) of 88 families from the Australian center reported a great deal of financial hardship resulting from their children's illness. Work disruptions were substantial (84% in the United States, 88% in Australia). Australian families were more likely to report quitting a job (49% in Australia v 35% in the United States; P = .037). Sixty percent of families lost more than 10% of their annual income as a result of work disruptions. Australians were more likely to lose more than 40% of their income (34% in Australia v 19% in the United States; P = .035). Poor families experienced the greatest income loss. After accounting for income loss, 16% of American and 22% of Australian families dropped below the poverty line. Financial hardship was associated with poverty and income loss in all centers. Fundraising was the most common financial coping strategy (52% in the United States v 33% in Australia), followed by reduced spending. Conclusion In these US and Australian centers, significant household-level financial effects of a child's death as a result of cancer were observed, especially for poor families. Interventions aimed at reducing the effects of income loss may ease financial distress.

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“…27 The fact that CAT measures were not captured demonstrates that there may be newer, but well-validated, measures that have not yet generated enough research to have been captured in a review. 27,67 The PHQ-9 is another good example, because while it was reviewed less favourably in this meta-review, recent research suggests it may be a promising screener 12 and case-finder, 68 and may be quite responsive. 69 The captured reviews also provided different data and used different methods, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions, however future meta-reviews could utilize more sophisticated tools (such as Rasch measurement) to allow a common metric to be generated for different depression measures.…”

Section: Meta-review Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-reported depression measures in cancer: a meta-review

Wakefield

Butow

Aaronson

et al. 2015

The Lancet Psychiatry

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SummaryDepression measurement in cancer care is complex and inconsistent. It is difficult for investigators to select the best-performing tool. We conducted a meta-review to integrate the findings of reviews of patient-report depression measures used as screeners or case-finders in oncology. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and grey literature from 1999-2014. We identified 19 reviews representing 372 primary studies assessing more than 50 depression measures. We used 11 highquality reviews to guide our analysis, which was organized by measurement goal and target population. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale was the most recommended, and criticized, depression screener. Few reviews evaluated casefinding performance or measure responsiveness, or measure suitability for particular populations. This meta-review demonstrates that the available measure selection advice is conflicting. By being fully cognizant of the benefits and limitations of depression measurement, investigators can improve the accuracy of their data and achieve more sophisticated interpretations of their findings.

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Impact of childhood cancer on parental employment and sources of income: A Canadian pilot study

Abstract: It appears that the diagnosis of childhood cancer may cause an important but short-term impact on the employment and income sources of affected families.

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Parents of children diagnosed with cancer: work situation and sick leave, a five-year post end-of-treatment or a child’s death follow-up study

Parents of children diagnosed with cancer: work situation and sick leave, a five-year post end-of-treatment or a child’s death follow-up study

Unmeasured Costs of a Child's Death: Perceived Financial Burden, Work Disruptions, and Economic Coping Strategies Used by American and Australian Families Who Lost Children to Cancer

Patient-reported depression measures in cancer: a meta-review

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