Impact of Cheese Rich in Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Low Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol: Dietary Intervention in Older People (CLADIS Study)

Abstract

Numerous studies demonstrated the possibility to improve the properties of dairy products by increasing Polyunsaturated Fatty and lowering the concentrations of saturated ones. The present study aimed to examine the impact of the consumption of a dairy product (Pecorino cheese) rich in Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on lipid and health parameters in elderly subjects. During the first phase of the study, a Pecorino cheese rich in CLA was produced from milk of ewes fed a specific diet. In the second phase, a double blind randomized crossover intervention study was conducted to verify the impact of enriched Pecorino cheese on LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-Ch) in elder individuals. 58 subjects were enrolled in a nursing home in Padua (Italy) a, with a mean age of 85.9±6.0 years, 42 subjects (72.4%) were women. Study participants were randomly assigned to two groups: in one, they had a daily intake of up to 90g of Pecorino cheese rich in CLA (higher than 2.5%), in the other, they were given the same quantity of a Pecorino control cheese (CLA lower than 1%) for a two-month period. The active phase was followed by a one-month wash out period. The crossover was then carried out and participants ate the other type of cheese for two months. No significant differences were found in relation to LDL-Ch (estimated mean difference between group: 3.07 mg/dL, p=0.3171), while participants who consumed enriched cheese had a lower increase in glycaemia with respect to those assuming the control cheese (estimated mean difference between group: -0.07 g/L, p=0.0442). A significant carry-over effect was detected for HDL-Ch, tryglicerides, creatinine, sodium and vitamin D. Participants who consumed Pecorino cheese rich in CLA did not register an increase in lipid levels. More studies on humans are necessary to evaluate the role of CLA enriched cheese on cardiovascular protection.

Fatty acid and triglyceride molecular species of milk fat fractionated by short‐path molecular distillation

“…The C18:2 n6c was not synthesised in the human body, it must be supplemented by food or formed by specific precursor substances to maintain normal physiological function, which was called human essential fatty acid. The combination of cholesterol and linoleic acid plays a important role during the transport process, resulting in metabolic disorders were happened when it was scarce in the human body (Limongi et al., 2018; Minieri et al., 2020; Denis et al., 2022).…”

Potential Health Benefits of Conjugated Linoleic Acid: An Important Functional Dairy Ingredient

“…Several recent animal studies have demonstrated a positive role of CLA in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia and obesity [21,22,23], which are presented in Table 4. Lee et al [24] reported that CLA was effective against different stage of cancer like progression and initiation and found anti-atherogenic effect of CLA (at 0.5 g/d) in rabbits in a study of 22 days.…”