Impact of channel incision on the hydraulics of flood flows: Examples from Polish Carpathian rivers

Wyżga‬‬, Bartłomiej; Zawiejska, Joanna; Radecki‐Pawlik, Artur

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.017

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Direct human impact on river channels has been accompanied by changes in land use, which varied from catchment to catchment. Decades of intensive river regulation have led to a simplified morphology and pattern of Carpathian rivers which, consequently, became more narrow and deeper, in addition to following a single thread instead of many, with little ability for the river channel to migrate [4,[6][7][8]. Increasing channel depth due to human impact [9][10][11] has led to large changes in connectivity between the river channel and the floodplain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians

Gorczyca

Krzemień

Jarzyna

2020

Water

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This study provides a conceptual model of the functioning of gravel-bed rivers during the post-regulation period in Poland and forecasts their subsequent evolution. The main difference between fluvial processes during the pre-regulation and post-regulation period is that they are limited to a zone that is currently several times narrower and trapped in a deep-cut channel. During the river post-regulation period, the construction of additional river training works was significantly limited in river channels. Moreover, all forms of economic activity were significantly reduced in the channel free migration zone, particularly bed gravel extraction operations. As a result of these changes, a limited recovery of the functioning and hydromorphology of the river channel occurred via a return to conditions in effect prior to river regulation. In recovering sections of river, the channel gradually broadens, and its sinuosity and number of threads increase. The overall process can be called spontaneous renaturalization, which yields a characteristic post-regulation river channel. The conceptual model was developed on the basis of the evolution of the gravel-bed river, the Raba River, during the post-regulation period in the Polish Carpathian Mountains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians

Gorczyca

Krzemień

Jarzyna

2020

Water

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“…Rapid channel incision reflecting a loss of geomorphic dynamic equilibrium is a common phenomenon in contemporary fluvial systems affected by intense human disturbances (Florsheim et al 2013). Incision leads to increased flow capacity of the channel and results from imbalance between sediment load and the river's ability to transport that load, and from the occurrence of channel boundary conditions (such as bank reinforcements) that prevent re-establishment of a state of equilibrium via river metamorphosis (Wyżga et al 2016c). River incision may thus result from a single causal factor, such as in-channel gravel mining (Peiry 1987;Collins and Dunne 1989), disruption of the continuity of bedload transport by a dam reservoir (Williams and Wolman 1984), channel regulation (Brookes 1987;Simon 1989) or land-use change in the catchment (Liébault and Piégay 2001;Keestra et al 2005), or from a combination of different factors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the twentieth century, channel incision was pronounced in Polish Carpathian rivers (Klimek 1983;Wyżga 2008;Wyżga et al 2016c). Large-scale mining of gravel from channels (Rinaldi et al 2005;Wyżga et al 2010), an increase in river transport capacity resulting from channelization works (Wyżga 2001a;Korpak 2007;Zawiejska and Wyżga 2010), and a decrease in sediment supply from the catchments subjected to land-use changes (Lach and Wyżga 2002) were indicated as the causes of rapid incision of these rivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric reconstruction of changes in vertical river position using archival aerial photos: case study of the Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians

2019

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Rivers of the Polish Carpathians incised deeply during the twentieth century, but detailed information about the timing and amount of incision of their channels exists only for water-gauge cross sections. Applicability of photogrammetric extraction of digital elevation models (DEMs) from archival aerial photos for reconstructing changes in vertical river position was verified in the study of a 3-km reach of the Czarny Dunajec River. DEMs extracted from a few sets of archival aerial photos from the years 1964-1994 together with recent orthophotos and DEMs were used in the analysis. Measurements taken in river cross sections spaced at 100-m intervals indicated that on average the lowest point of the channel bed lowered between 1964 and 2009 by 1.74 ± 0.17 m, low-flow water surface by 1.57 ± 0.07 m, active river channel by 1.54 ± 0.12 m and the belt of river migration by 1.03 ± 0.15 m. However, the change in vertical river position during the years 1964-2009 varied greatly along the reach, with the elevation of low-flow water surface lowered by up to 3.61 ± 0.07 m in the upper part of the reach and increased by up to 1.34 ± 0.07 m in its lower part. Combining the information about changes in vertical river position and the width of river migration belt yielded data about the change in sediment volume in the reach, with an average annual loss of sediment amounting to 256 ± 37 m 3 per 100-m channel segment. The study indicated that DEMs generated from archival aerial photos can be a useful tool in analysing recent vertical channel changes outside water-gauge stations.

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“…Insects inhabiting these locations may rely on many habitat (Januschke et al, 2011) characteristics such as food subsidies coming from the river (Paetzold et al, 2005(Paetzold et al, , 2006, the duration and timing of flooding (Andersen, 1968;Bonn et al, 2002;Gerisch et al, 2012) overwintering places (Rothenbücher and Schaefer, 2006) or the structure of substrate (Sadler and Bates, 2008). All those factors may be affected by incision-related changes, such as disconnectivity of the riparian areas from the river, reduced inundation frequency (Wyżga, 2008;Wyżga et al, 2015) and simplification of the channel morphology (Wyżga et al, 2013), that lead to elimination of most terrestrial specialists (Jähnig et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Incision of Gravel-bed Rivers on Ground Beetle Assemblages

et al. 2016

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The impact of river incision induced by channelization and gravel mining on the structure of ground beetle assemblages in riparian habitats was investigated on three montane rivers in southern Poland. Ground beetles were collected on three benches of different elevation in 11 incised and 14 vertically stable cross sections of the rivers. In total, 5821 individuals representing 106 species were collected. The effect of river incision on the diversity and abundance of ground beetles depended on bench height. Only on the lowest bench, inundated about once per year on average, species richness of the assemblages was significantly reduced in incised river cross sections. On this bench, the abundance of the specialists of exposed riverine sediments, i.e. small and medium-sized predators with high dispersal power and spring breeding strategy, was highly negatively affected by river incision. On the highest bench, large, brachypterous species with spring and autumn breeding strategy, typical of undisturbed habitats, were more abundant in incised cross sections. As this bench is practically not subjected to flooding even in vertically stable cross sections, these species probably benefited from the occurrence of riparian forest along most incised river sections, whereas the riparian areas along vertically stable sections are subjected to higher agricultural pressure. This study shows that in the mountain region where high precipitation helps to maintain moisture of the riparian habitats, river incision has a negative impact only on the specialists of exposed riverine sediments.

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Impact of channel incision on the hydraulics of flood flows: Examples from Polish Carpathian rivers

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians

The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians

Photogrammetric reconstruction of changes in vertical river position using archival aerial photos: case study of the Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians

Impact of Incision of Gravel-bed Rivers on Ground Beetle Assemblages

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