Impact of Changes in Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Canine and Feline Digestive Diseases

Ziese, Anna-Lena; Suchodolski, Jan S.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.09.004

Cited by 39 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Several other metabolites that were at lower levels with the test food are also associated with kidney dysfunction, such as the urea cycle metabolites citrulline, urea, and dimethylarginine. Others include tryptophan and tyrosine metabolites, some of which can act as uremic toxins [35], and methylguanidine, which was seen at higher levels in plasma and urinary excretion in dogs with chronic renal failure [36]. Plasma levels of guanidinoacetate, a precursor to creatinine, were also lower following consumption of the test food in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2021

Microorganisms

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Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2021

Microorganisms

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“…In humans and in dogs, both chronic and acute enteropathies exhibit imbalanced composition of intestinal microbiota, defined as dysbiosis, which has been recognized as a major player in the development of these diseases [2][3][4][5][6]. Moreover, as previously reported, CE are characterized by decreased faecal bacterial diversity and richness [7] with possible impact on the primary functions of gut microbiota. These functions include protection against pathogenic challenge, maturation of the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, regulation of the host's metabolism, and maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Faecal Microbiome Transplantation as a Solution to Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: A Case Study of Beneficial Microbial Evolution

Berlanda

Innocente²,

Simionati³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Chronic enteropathies (CE) are gastrointestinal diseases that afflict about one in five dogs in Europe. Conventional therapeutic approaches include dietary intervention, pharmacological treatment and probiotic supplements. The patient response can be highly variable and the interventions are often not resolutive. Moreover, the therapeutic strategy is usually planned (and gradually corrected) based on the patient’s response to empirical treatment, with few indirect gut health indicators useful to drive clinicians’ decisions. The ever-diminishing cost of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows clinicians to directly follow and characterise the evolution of the whole gut microbial community in order to highlight possible weaknesses. In this framework, faecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a feasible solution to CE, based on the implant of a balanced, eubiotic microbial community from a healthy donor to a dysbiotic patient. In this study, we report the promising results of FMT carried out in a 9-year-old dog suffering from CE for the last 3 years. The patient underwent a two-cycle oral treatment of FMT and the microbiota evolution was monitored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing both prior to FMT and after the two administrations. We evaluated the variation of microbial composition by calculating three different alpha diversity indices and compared the patient and donor data to a healthy control population of 94 dogs. After FMT, the patient’s microbiome and clinical parameters gradually shifted to values similar to those observed in healthy dogs. Symptoms disappeared during a follow-up period of six months after the second FMT. We believe that this study opens the door for potential applications of FMT in clinical veterinary practice and highlights the need to improve our knowledge on this relevant topic.

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“…The composition of the microbiota is influenced to some degree by diet, drugs such as antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, inflammation in the gut, structural changes in the intestine, and others 19‐21 . Some of these factors have been recently reviewed in detail elsewhere 22 . Therefore, studies should aim to evaluate these mechanisms using complementary approaches (taxonomic and functional) to understand how specific bacteria are modulated by the microenvironment within the gut and under which situations they contribute to health and disease.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Intestinal Microbiome—general Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

Suchodolski

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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The gut microbiome is an important immune and metabolic organ. Intestinal bacteria produce various metabolites that influence the health of the intestine and other organ systems, including kidney, brain, and heart. Changes in the microbiome in diseased states are termed dysbiosis. The concept of dysbiosis is constantly evolving and includes changes in microbiome diversity and/or structure and functional changes (eg, altered production of bacterial metabolites). Molecular tools are now the standard for microbiome analysis. Sequencing of microbial genes provides information about the bacteria present and their functional potential but lacks standardization and analytical validation of methods and consistency in the reporting of results. This makes it difficult to compare results across studies or for individual clinical patients. The Dysbiosis Index (DI) is a validated quantitative PCR assay for canine fecal samples that measures the abundance of seven important bacterial taxa and summarizes the results as one single number. Reference intervals are established for dogs, and the DI can be used to assess the microbiome in clinical patients over time and in response to therapy (eg, fecal microbiota transplantation). In situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry allows the identification of mucosa‐adherent and intracellular bacteria in animals with intestinal disease, especially granulomatous colitis. Future directions include the measurement of bacterial metabolites in feces or serum as markers for the appropriate function of the microbiome. This article summarizes different approaches to the analysis of gut microbiota and how they might be applicable to research studies and clinical practice in dogs and cats.

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Impact of Changes in Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Canine and Feline Digestive Diseases

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Faecal Microbiome Transplantation as a Solution to Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: A Case Study of Beneficial Microbial Evolution

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

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