Impact of cattle treading on hill land: 1. Soil damage patterns and pasture status

Sheath, G. W.; Carlson, W. T.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1998.9513311

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The soil is predominantly Waingaro steepland soil, a northern yellow-brown earth (Umbric Dystrochrept, USDA Soil Taxonomy), derived from a sedimentary greywacke parent material (Bruce 1978 a shallow (5-7.5 cm depth) clay loam topsoil of fine and medium nut structure, and a subsoil of firm clay with a weakly developed nut structure (Bruce 1978). Additionally, the soil has medium liquid and plastic limits of 57 and 49% (on a gravimetric basis) respectively, suggesting sensitivity to changes in soil moisture (Fieldes 1968a,b;Sheath & Carlson 1998). The riparian wetland site (PW5) selected for this study is c. 350 m 2 (0.35 ha), located near the base of an ephemeral stream channel that drains a steep (10-30°) catchment (1.3 ha) and an upland wetland, just up stream from the location of its discharge into the Mangaotama River.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate movement and removal along a shallow groundwater flow path in a riparian wetland within a sheep‐grazed pastoral catchment: Results of a tracer study

Burns

Nguyen

2002

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The movement and removal of nitrate (NO 3 -) along a groundwater flow path within a riparian wetland was investigated during a 24-day period in late autumn-early winter, using a lithium bromide (LiBr)-potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) tracer solution containing 19 200 mg/litre as Br -and 193.8 mg/litre as NO 3 -N. The tracer solution was added as an instantaneous dose of tracer solution at a depth of 10-20 cm to four injection wells in two 1 m 2 plots within a sheep-grazed pastoral catchment at the Whatawhata Agricultural Research Centre near Hamilton, New Zealand. Bromide and NO 3 -N concentrations were measured periodically in: (1) wetland groundwater samples from piezometers installed at 15 and 30 cm depths and located at 30, 60, and 100 cm down gradient from the injection wells; and (2) surface flow samples. Peak concentrations of 50-250 mg/litre of Br -and 0.2-1.1 mg/litre of NO 3 -N were reached within 1-2 days after application at most piezometers. Nitrate concentrations decreased thereafter more sharply than did those of Br -, resulting in decreased NO 3 -N/Br -ratios from Days 2 through 7. More than 99% of groundwater samples collected after the tracer application had NO 3 -N/Br -less than the value in the tracer solution indicating removal of NO3-N during transport. Mass †Author for correspondence. M01045 Published 30 May 2002 Received 7 June 2001; accepted 29 October 2001flux estimates indicated removal of >90% of added NO 3 -N along the 100 cm flow path from the injection, with essentially all of the NO 3 -removed within the first 30 cm of transport. On Days 10 and 24, just after rain events, surface flow from the experimental plots had greatly elevated NO 3 -N concentrations that were not accompanied by correspondingly elevated Br -concentrations, indicating that NO 3 -N originating from the surrounding catchment was transported over the wetland surface with little penetration or mixing with wetland groundwater. Despite a significant capacity for NO 3 -N removal from shallow groundwater equivalent to an annualised value of 50 kg/ha in these wetland study plots, large amounts of NO3-N from the catchment are likely to move over the wetland surface during rain events without adequate soil contact time for efficient denitrification and retention.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate movement and removal along a shallow groundwater flow path in a riparian wetland within a sheep‐grazed pastoral catchment: Results of a tracer study

Burns

Nguyen

2002

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Additionally, as slope degree increases less water enters the soil and more runs off as overland flow. In this situation, when grazing pressure increases in mountain pastures, soils will be susceptible to degradation from processes such as runoff and erosion (Sheatch et al, 1998). In mountainous areas, significant variations in soil texture in relation to topography have been reported both in Mediterranean basin (Badano et Soil pH is considered to be an important factor that determines the floristic diversity and composition of grasslands (Critchley et al, 2002).…”

Section: Slope Degree and Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Altitudinal Zone on Soil Properties, Species Composition and Forage Production in a Subalpine Grassland in Northwest Greece

Roukos¹,

Akrida-Demertzi²,

Koutsoukis³

et al. 2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Roukos et al. : The effect of altitudinal zone on soil properties, species composition and forage production in a subalpine grassland in northwest Abstract. The impact of altitudinal gradient on soil properties, species composition and forage production was assessed in the subalpine grassland of "Kostilata" in northwestern Greece. The area is important for endemic species and for its traditional transhumant livestock system. Soil properties, species composition and forage production were determined annually and monthly during three consecutive years (April 2013 -October 2015 from thirty experimental plots located in three altitudinal zones (i.e., lower, middle, and upper). Our results suggested that the altitudinal zo ne strongly affected soil physical and chemical properties, species composition and forage production. Indeed, altitude a.s.l. was positively correlated with soil sand content and negatively correlated with forage production. It is found that stocking rate exceeded the grazing capacity, which posed a hazard to grassland sustainability; a belief amplified by the high sand content in soil and a terrain with steep slopes, which would increase the risk of further soil erosion at all altitudinal zones.

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“…Secondly it has been found that sheep follow particular pathways, concentrating the hoof pressures on a small area of the fields (Sheath and Carlson, 1998;Gilman, 2002).…”

Section: Buffer Stripsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural land management impacts on catchment scale flood risk

Pattison¹

2010

Role of Hydrology in Managing Consequences of a Changing Global Environment

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source• a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses• the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Most approaches to this problem aim to upscale from individual grid cells to whole catchments, something that restricts the complexity of possible process representation, produces models that may not be parsimonious with the data needed to calibrate them and, faced with data uncertainties, provides computational limitations on the extent to which model uncertainty can be fully explored. Rather than upscaling to problems of concern, this thesis seeks to downscale from locations of known flood risk, as a means of identifying where land use management changes might be beneficial and then uses numerical modelling to identify the kinds of management changes required in those downscaled locations. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to test an approach to understanding the impacts of rural land management upon flood risk based upon catchment-to-source downscaling.This thesis uses the case study of the River Eden catchment (2400 km 2 ) as a test (1) it was shown to have a significant impact on downstream flood risk; and (2) it had range of data and information needed for modelling land use changes.The second part of this thesis explored the land management scenarios that could be used to reduce flood risk at the catchment scale. The scenarios to be tested were determined through a stakeholder participation approach, whereby workshops were held to brainstorm and prioritise land management options, and then to identify specific locations within the Eamont sub-catchment where they could tested. There were two main types of land management scenarios chosen: (1) landscape-scale changes, including afforestation and compaction; and (2) corresponding to a 5.8% decrease in peak discharge. A key conclusion is that land management practices have been shown to have an effect on catchment scale flooding, even for extreme flood events. However, the effect of land management scenarios are both spatially and temporally dependent i.e. the same land management practice has different effects depending on where it is implemented, and when implemented in the same location has different effects on different flood events.

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Impact of cattle treading on hill land: 1. Soil damage patterns and pasture status

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Nitrate movement and removal along a shallow groundwater flow path in a riparian wetland within a sheep‐grazed pastoral catchment: Results of a tracer study

Nitrate movement and removal along a shallow groundwater flow path in a riparian wetland within a sheep‐grazed pastoral catchment: Results of a tracer study

The Effect of Altitudinal Zone on Soil Properties, Species Composition and Forage Production in a Subalpine Grassland in Northwest Greece

Rural land management impacts on catchment scale flood risk

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