Impact of Carotid Plaque Screening on Smoking Cessation and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Rodondi, Nicolas

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1326

Cited by 44 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The Northern Manhattan Cohort Study, a population-based cohort study with a unique race/ethnicity profile, reported an overall carotid plaque prevalence of 57% among community-dwelling residents aged ≥39 years26. Similar prevalence rates were reported in other studies, with rates ranging from 47–58%1526272829. The San Daniele Project, a population-based asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study in Italy, reported a lower prevalence rate of carotid plaque (13.3% in men and 13.4% in women) in 199230.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Carotid Plaque among Adults: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study in Rural China

Zhao

Shi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Although the associations between carotid plaque and cardiovascular disease risk factors have been identified in previous studies, there is limited information on sex-related differences in factors associated with the development of carotid plaque. We aimed to determine sex differences in the prevalence of carotid plaque and associated risk factors in rural China. A total of 3,789 subjects aged ≥45 years without history of stroke or cardiovascular disease were recruited to the study. B-mode ultrasonography was performed to determine the presence of carotid plaque. The mean age of male subjects was greater than that of female subjects. In addition, there was a higher prevalence of carotid plaque in men than in women (50.1% vs. 35.5%; P < 0.001) irrespective of age group, education level, and presence of risk factors. Older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were pronouncedly associated with the risk of carotid plaque in both men and women. These findings suggest that it is vital for physicians to be aware that conventional risk factors and other related factors are of equal importance among rural residents in China; patients should thus be treated accordingly so that reduce the burden of stroke and cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Carotid Plaque among Adults: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study in Rural China

Zhao

Shi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Expressed likelihood of behavior change should be greeted with caution in light of these limitations, especially given the existing literature on lack of behavior change in the general population in response to cardiac screening results. 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Perceptions of Cholesterol Screening Results: “Young Invincibles” or Developing Adults?

Gooding

Sheldrick

Leslie

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Guidelines recommend cholesterol screening for all adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 17-21 years. Little is known about how screening results impact perceptions of AYA health. Methods We recruited 37 AYAs and 35 parents of AYAs with differing risk for abnormal cholesterol results: (1) familial hypercholesterolemia, (2) obesity, and (3) generally healthy. Participants completed quantitative health status ratings using visual analog scales (VAS) and semi-structured interviews regarding three hypothetical cholesterol screening scenarios: a) high likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD) before age 40 (“high-risk”), b) some risk of CVD before age 70 (“moderate-risk”), and c) low risk for CVD despite a strong family history of CVD (“low-risk”). We analyzed VAS data with logistic regression and qualitative data with a priori and emergent coding using multiple coders. Results Each group perceived all three cholesterol screening scenarios as comparatively less than perfect health; the high-risk result fell furthest from perfect health. While there was no significant difference between AYAs and parents in VAS ratings, qualitative analyses revealed AYAs were more likely than parents to discount the impact of moderate-risk results due to longer length of time before predicted CVD. Conclusions AYAs’ and parents’ perceptions of the impact of cholesterol screening results on AYA health varied by presented scenario, ranging from mild to significant decreases in perceptions of AYA health. As universal cholesterol screening continues to be adopted in this age group, further studies of the real-life impact on AYA risk perceptions and subsequent behavior is warranted.

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“…Though there are no studies to support such practices, carotid ultrasound scanning for detection of increased cIMT or carotid plaque may lead to increased prescription of aspirin and statins by physicians [41] and intensified goal setting for LDL-cholesterol levels [42]. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the impact of carotid ultrasound scanning on patient motivation [41,43]. Lipid-lowering drugs can reduce carotid plaque volume [44]; nevertheless, cIMT and plaque are biomarkers that change slowly over time, therefore patients may be on optimal medical therapy for a prolonged period of time and, yet, have increased cIMT values and/or plaques.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation

Vlachopoulos¹,

Xaplanteris²,

Aboyans³

et al. 2015

Atherosclerosis

651

482

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While risk scores are invaluable tools for adapted preventive strategies, a significant gap exists between predicted and actual event rates. Additional tools to further stratify the risk of patients at an individual level are biomarkers. A surrogate endpoint is a biomarker that is intended as a substitute for a clinical endpoint. In order to be considered as a surrogate endpoint of cardiovascular events, a biomarker should satisfy several criteria, such as proof of concept, prospective validation, incremental value, clinical utility, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, methodological consensus, and reference values. We scrutinized the role of peripheral (i.e. not related to coronary circulation) noninvasive vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Most of the biomarkers examined fit within the concept of early vascular aging. Biomarkers that fulfill most of the criteria and, therefore, are close to being considered a clinical surrogate endpoint are carotid ultrasonography, ankle-brachial index and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; biomarkers that fulfill some, but not all of the criteria are brachial ankle pulse wave velocity, central haemodynamics/wave reflections and C-reactive protein; biomarkers that do no not at present fulfill essential criteria are flow-mediated dilation, endothelial peripheral arterial tonometry, oxidized LDL and dysfunctional HDL. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether a specific vascular biomarker is overly superior. A prospective study in which all vascular biomarkers are measured is still lacking. In selected cases, the combined assessment of more than one biomarker may be required.

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Impact of Carotid Plaque Screening on Smoking Cessation and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract: In smokers, carotid plaque screening performed in addition to thorough smoking cessation counseling is not associated with increased rates of smoking cessation or control of cardiovascular risk factors. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00548665.

Cited by 44 publications

References 53 publications

Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Carotid Plaque among Adults: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study in Rural China

Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Carotid Plaque among Adults: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study in Rural China

Adolescent Perceptions of Cholesterol Screening Results: “Young Invincibles” or Developing Adults?

The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation

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