Impact of Carbon Paper Anisotropy on Water Droplet Movement through the Electrodes of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Moghadari, Mohammadreza; Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan; Molaeimanesh, Gholam Reza

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00225

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A combination of brief tip sonication followed by bath sonication was most effective at breaking up agglomerates, leading to maximum catalytic activity and MEA performance, as has been reported for developing outstanding performance of cathode electrodes through development and optimization of catalyst materials, electrode structure, and MEA preparation and characterizations [ 304 , 305 , 306 , 307 , 308 , 309 ]. Anisotropy of carbon paper microstructures can greatly affect the water droplet behavior through the porous gas diffusion layers [ 310 ]. Innovative concepts for improving the performance of membrane–electrode assemblies include using a dry-spraying preparation methodology, which is a time- and cost-effective method that involves solvent-free spraying of catalyst powder on the polymer electrolyte membrane [ 311 ].…”

Section: Membrane–electrode Assembly (Mea): Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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The study of the electrochemical catalyst conversion of renewable electricity and carbon oxides into chemical fuels attracts a great deal of attention by different researchers. The main role of this process is in mitigating the worldwide energy crisis through a closed technological carbon cycle, where chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, are stored and reconverted to electricity via electrochemical reaction processes in fuel cells. The scientific community focuses its efforts on the development of high-performance polymeric membranes together with nanomaterials with high catalytic activity and stability in order to reduce the platinum group metal applied as a cathode to build stacks of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to work at low and moderate temperatures. The design of new conductive membranes and nanoparticles (NPs) whose morphology directly affects their catalytic properties is of utmost importance. Nanoparticle morphologies, like cubes, octahedrons, icosahedrons, bipyramids, plates, and polyhedrons, among others, are widely studied for catalysis applications. The recent progress around the high catalytic activity has focused on the stabilizing agents and their potential impact on nanomaterial synthesis to induce changes in the morphology of NPs.

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Section: Membrane–electrode Assembly (Mea): Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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“…13 LBM has been employed to investigate the transport of liquid water within GDLs and analyze the effect of the presence of liquid water on GDL characteristics. Some structural parameters such as the thickness of the GDL, 14 the anisotropy of the carbon fibers, 15 and the width of the channelrib 16 have been investigated by some scholars in relation to the distribution of liquid water within the GDL. The GDL structure has also been shown to influence the local apparent contact angle of liquid water on the GDL surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Modeling of Mass Transport in Partially Saturated Cathode Gas Diffusion Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the advantages of high specific power, good stability, and zero emissions, making them clean and efficient energy conversion devices. Water management is one of the technical challenges limiting the development of PEMFC, with liquid water blocking the pores and increasing the resistance to mass transport. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) multiphase lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is developed to obtain the liquid water morphology within the gas diffusion layer (GDL). A 2D multicomponent flow Lattice Boltzmann model considering electrochemical reactions is established to investigate the effects of water saturation, activation overpotential, and pressure difference between the inlet and outlet gas channels on mass transport. At high water saturation, the liquid water forms water films within the GDL preventing reactive gas transport and water vapor are blocked near the catalyst layer making it difficult to remove. The PEMFC can achieve higher current densities at high activation overpotentials, but oxygen starvation will be exacerbated. Increasing the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet gas passages effectively increases the oxygen concentration and reduces the water vapor concentration in the GDL. The present study improves the understanding of the effect of GDL microstructure on mass transport and performance of PEMFC from the mesoscopic scale.

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“…However, GDL is a non-homogenous and anisotropic medium [16,17], which makes the modeling and simulation of the transport phenomena challenging [18,19]. Therefore, pore-scale simulations providing accurate information at the microscopic level seem attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐scale analysis of a PEM fuel cell cathode including carbon cloth gas diffusion layer by lattice Boltzmann method

Molaeimanesh

Dahmardeh

2021

Fuel Cells

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One of the parameters which can greatly affect (i.e., enhances or diminishes) the performance of a PEM fuel cell cathode is the GDL microstructure. In the present study, the role of carbon cloth GDL microstructure on the performance of a PEM fuel cell cathode is investigated, for the first time. In this regard, three carbon cloth GDLs with three different microstructures are reconstructed via merging bundles of carbon fibers with sinusoidal form; afterward, the passing reactive air through these GDLs is simulated at pore-scale using lattice Boltzmann approach. The distributions of oxygen and water vapor through the carbon cloths and the distribution of current density on the catalyst layers are presented and analyzed. The results show that when the carbon cloth bundles consist of more fibers (i.e., having larger cross-sections), the penetration of oxygen toward the catalyst layer is more difficult, and consequently, the average current density is smaller. Besides, the results reveal that the through-plane compactness of carbon cloth microstructure does not bring a significant effect on the distribution of current density and species.

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Impact of Carbon Paper Anisotropy on Water Droplet Movement through the Electrodes of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Pore-Scale Modeling of Mass Transport in Partially Saturated Cathode Gas Diffusion Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Pore‐scale analysis of a PEM fuel cell cathode including carbon cloth gas diffusion layer by lattice Boltzmann method

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