Impact of Cafeteria Diet on the Composition of Fatty Acids in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Fillets

Abstract

The cafeteria diet is widely used as a model for inducing obesity in animals, and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a promising model for this purpose. In this context, this study evaluated the effect of a cafeteria diet on the composition of fatty acids in zebrafish fillets. Zebrafish grown in tanks for a period of 60 days were treated with standard (ST) and cafeteria (CAF) diets. The CAF diet presented higher total lipid and energy values than ST diet, due to the addition of peanut, chocolate and biscuit in its preparation. Moreover, CAF diet showed the highest concentrations of palmitic (19.44 ± 0.55 mg g , respectively) and in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio (11.52 ± 0.81) was observed in the zebrafish fillets between 0 and 60 days for CAF diet, indicating incorporation of these fatty acids.

Effect of peanut addition to the cafeteria diet on adiposity and inflammation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…The CAF diet used in this study presented higher concentrations of oleic acid (102.58 ± 2.85 mg g −1 ) than ST diet, due to the use of peanut in its preparation (Néia et al, 2018), which in our study increased the oleic acid (18: 1n-9) content in the zebrafish head from 28.17 mg g −1 (0 days of supplementation) to 40.21 mg g −1 (60 days of supplementation) in fish fed CAF diet. This increase may be related to increased satiety, generated by oleic acid in the head of the zebrafish once the central nervous system, primarily, the hypothalamus, is responsible for regulating energy balance and control of food consumption in vertebrates, from humans to zebrafish (Montalbano et al, 2016).…”

“…Peanuts were chosen because its consumption in the diet leads to an increase in the intake of MUFAs and PUFAs, in the presence of the reduction of SFAs, which presumably favours the lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing the risk of chronic non communicable diseases, such as obesity (Bes-Rastrollo et al, 2007). In this study, the addition of 25% peanut in the CAF diet, led to increased 4.5 times the MUFA content in CAF diet (Néia et al, 2018), from 27.47 mg g −1 (0-day of supplementation) to 106.12 mg g −1 (60-day of supplementation), as this oleaginous fraction is rich in oleic acid (18:1n-9), as described in the work of Ha et al (2015).…”

“…Some studies have used Artemia or Artemia cysts as a food source for DIO in zebrafish (Hasumura et al, 2012;Oka et al, 2010). However, we believe that our group is the first to report a CAF diet to induce obesity in zebrafish, similar to human diets (Néia et al, 2018) and evaluate the fatty acid intake in zebrafish fillets fed a CAF diet.…”

“…The granulated diets used are described in Table 1. The standard (ST) and cafeteria (CAF) diet were formulated according to Néia et al (2018). The design of the cafeteria diet was based on studies already established for mice (Akyol, Langley-Evans, & McMullen, 2009;Higa, Spinola, Fonseca-Alaniz, & Evangelista, 2014) and adapted to the nutritional needs of zebrafish (Siccardi et al, 2009).…”

“…The CAF and ST diets were well accepted by the fish, and there was no death due to dietary intake of the treatments. The composition of fatty acids in the ST and CAF diets was described in Néia et al (2018). A total of 12 fatty acids were found in the diets.…”