Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Castaldini, M.; Turrini, Alessandra; Sbrana, Cristiana; Benedetti, Antonio; Marchionni, M.; Mocali, Stefano; Fabiani, Arturo; Landi, Silvia; Santomassimo, F.; Pietrangeli, B.; Nuti, Marco; Miclaus, N.; Giovannetti, Manuela

doi:10.1128/aem.71.11.6719-6729.2005

Cited by 188 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Concerns have been raised about the environmental impact associated with genetically modified organisms particularly GM crop. Variable and transient impacts on non-target microorganisms were already shown (De Vries et al, 1999;Lottmann et al, 2000;Dunfield and Germida, 2003;Castaldini et al, 2005;Rasche et al, 2006). We show here that manipulation of glucosinolate content in Brassicaceae could have some repercussions on the microbial community in their close soil environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Exogenous glucosinolate produced by Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on microbes in the rhizosphere and plant roots

et al. 2009

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A specificity of Brassicaceous plants is the production of sulphur secondary metabolites called glucosinolates that can be hydrolysed into glucose and biocidal products. Among them, isothiocyanates are toxic to a wide range of microorganisms and particularly soil-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of glucosinolates and their breakdown products as a factor of selection on rhizosphere microbial community associated with living Brassicaceae. We used a DNA-stable isotope probing approach to focus on the active microbial populations involved in root exudates degradation in rhizosphere. A transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line producing an exogenous glucosinolate and the associated wild-type plant associated were grown under an enriched 13 CO 2 atmosphere in natural soil. DNA from the rhizospheric soil was separated by density gradient centrifugation. Bacterial (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria), Archaea and fungal community structures were analysed by DGGE fingerprints of amplified 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Specific populations were characterized by sequencing DGGE fragments. Roots of the transgenic plant line presented an altered profile of glucosinolates and other minor additional modifications. These modifications significantly influenced microbial community on roots and active populations in the rhizosphere. Alphaproteobacteria, particularly Rhizobiaceae, and fungal communities were mainly impacted by these Brassicaceous metabolites, in both structure and composition. Our results showed that even a minor modification in plant root could have important repercussions for soil microbial communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Exogenous glucosinolate produced by Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on microbes in the rhizosphere and plant roots

et al. 2009

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“…By DGGE, differences in rhizospheric eubacterial communities (both total and active) between Bt and non-Bt corn plants were detected (Castaldini et al 2005). Despite the detection of the Cry1Ab protein in the rhizosphere of maize, Baumgarte and Tebbe (2005) determined that the bacterial community structure was less affected by this protein than by other environmental factors, i.e.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is believed that Bt proteins of these plants have a very narrow spectrum of activity, making them nearly pest-specific, some studies question this statement (Castaldini et al, 2005;Hannula et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Rhizosphere Bacterial Diversity in Maize Agro- Ecosystem

Federici

Valverde

Lagurara³

et al. 2017

SAR

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Management practices used in maize production have an impact on soil agro-ecosystems where different microbial communities coexist. Soil inhabiting bacteria are numerous and diverse, but we know very little about their ecological distribution. Here we analyzed the bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere of two transgenic maize cultivars, in agricultural soil before sowing and in non-cultivated soil in an experimental site in the south region of Uruguay. We followed two culture-independent methods: DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Through pyrosequencing, the three environments analyzed presented differences in terms of bacterial composition. However, no differences were found in the relative abundance of the ten most represented phyla in the rhizosphere of the two cultivars at different phenological stages. We found significant differences of Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla when comparing agricultural and non-cultivated soils, as well as a significant enrichment of members of the phylum Gemmatimonadetes in all rhizosphere samples compared to soil. Through DGGE analysis we evidenced that maize rhizosphere bacterial communities changed at different phenological stages in both cultivars. We also provided baseline information about bacterial specific taxa within maize agro-ecosystem for further evaluation of possible rhizosphere bacterial community shifts of genetically modified maize cultivars under different management practices.

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“…Bacteria and fungi react in different ways. In their recent survey, Icoz and Stotzky (2008) stated that ''fungi appear to be the organisms most affected by Cry proteins in soil'', but referred only to Turrini et al (2004) and Castaldini et al (2005). Also, other studies on mycotoxins showed a reduction of pest damage in Bt plants (e.g., Wu 2006); Arthropod counts (MON810 exp.…”

Section: Disentangling Resource Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology, environmental forcing, and unintended trophic cascades

Mulder

Lotz

2009

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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A long ongoing discussion between scientists and policy decision-makers seems to have entered recently into a new phase. The consequences of release of transgenic crops into the environment are being discussed not only by scientists but also by farmers, environmental groups and politicians, while an increasing amount of data is becoming available at all biological scales, including the field level. However, data still rely on experiments designed to capture direct consumer-resource interactions.Here we argue that we should attempt to concentrate on the ecosystem functioning of soil biota under geneticallymodified (GM) plants, because functional and mechanistic analysis of the multitrophic effects of GM plants on soil biota is still lacking. It is our opinion that we should avoid addressing taxa and soil communities separately, but link them at their functional level. We shall explain why, using examples from ecosystem services, allometric scaling, and soil food webs. The energy flow of any food web under stress incorporates several factors and pooled information on ecosystem services and on the different responses of soil invertebrates to induced perturbations in other trophic levels. Therefore, we will systematically focus on the complementarities of these approaches.

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Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Cited by 188 publications

References 79 publications

Exogenous glucosinolate produced by Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on microbes in the rhizosphere and plant roots

Exogenous glucosinolate produced by Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on microbes in the rhizosphere and plant roots

Soil and Rhizosphere Bacterial Diversity in Maize Agro- Ecosystem

Biotechnology, environmental forcing, and unintended trophic cascades

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