Impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the gut–microbiota–spleen–brain axis

Wan, Xiayun; Eguchi, Akifumi; Sakamoto, Akemi; Fujita, Yūkō; Yang, Yong; Qu, Youge; Hatano, Masahiko; Mori, Chisato; Hashimoto, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100573

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Higher SCFAs are characteristic of NASH [57]. Microbiome depletion, induced by the administration of an antibiotic cocktail comprising ampicillin, neomycin sulphate, and metronidazole, led to a significant reduction in spleen weight and consistent alterations in splenic functions, including the percentage of neutrophils, natural killer cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T-cells, over a 14-day period [58].…”

Section: Antibiotics and Spleenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Tarantino,

Citro

2024

IJMS

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently re-named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease, is considered the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. Its molecular initiation events are multiple and not always well-defined, comprising insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them acting on genetic and epigenetic grounds. Nowadays, there is a growing public health threat, which is antibiotic excessive use and misuse. This widespread use of antibiotics not only in humans, but also in animals has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Furthermore, antibiotics have been used for many decades to control certain bacterial diseases in high-value fruit and vegetables. Recently, it has been emphasised that antibiotic-induced changes in microbial composition reduce microbial diversity and alter the functional attributes of the microbiota. These antibiotic residues impact human gut flora, setting in motion a chain of events that leads straight to various metabolic alterations that can ultimately contribute to the onset and progression of NAFLD.

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Section: Antibiotics and Spleenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Tarantino,

Citro

2024

IJMS

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“…In addition to the impact on intestinal microbes (the focus of the current study), the intake of antibiotics could also make an impact on the metabolites profile in the intestine, 42 on the microbes in the other organs, as well as affect the immune system. 43,44 Studies investigating the impact of inulin supplementation before antibiotic treatment on the microbes in the other organ, and the immune system, are still warranted, with the greater number of mice. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota is a group of intestinal microbes that often demonstrate great functional redundancy.…”

Section: Food and Function Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inulin mitigated antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis – a comparison of different supplementation stages

An,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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“…Studies on mice subjected to antibiotic treatment have demonstrated a significant decrease in spleen weight, NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils compared to control groups. Conversely, there is an observable increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells within the spleen ( 26 ). Moreover, a proposed gut-spleen axis has been identified in patients with asplenia and common variable immune deficiency, wherein the reduction of IgM memory B cells induced by splenectomy may affect secretory IgA production in the gut.…”

Section: The Microbiota-gut-brain-immune Interface and Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Warren,

Nyavor,

Zarabian

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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ImportanceResearch is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models to human studies. Findings support the dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within an ecosystem (host) and its intersection with the host immune and nervous systems. Adding this to the effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates and strengthens the response. At the heart is inflammation, which manifests in a variety of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).ObservationsGenerally, the research to date is limited and has focused on bacteria, likely due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of 16s rRNA sequencing, despite its lower resolution and inability to determine functional ability/alterations. However, this omits all other microbiota including fungi, viruses, and phages, which are emerging as key members of the human microbiome. Much of the research has been done in pre-clinical models and/or in small human studies in more developed parts of the world. The relationships observed are promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at this time. Specifically, causal relationships cannot be determined currently. More research has been done in Alzheimer’s disease, followed by Parkinson’s disease, and then little in MS. The data for MS is encouraging despite this.Conclusions and relevanceWhile the research is still nascent, the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface may be a missing link, which has hampered our progress on understanding, let alone preventing, managing, or putting into remission neurodegenerative diseases. Relationships must first be established in humans, as animal models have been shown to poorly translate to complex human physiology and environments, especially when investigating the human gut microbiome and its relationships where animal models are often overly simplistic. Only then can robust research be conducted in humans and using mechanistic model systems.

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Impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the gut–microbiota–spleen–brain axis

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Inulin mitigated antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis – a comparison of different supplementation stages

The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

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