Few studies have focused on Asian-white disparities. This study examines the use of selected cancer screening and diabetes services under the traditional Medicare program of whites and Asians by socioeconomic status and among U.S. metropolitan statistical areas in which elderly Asians reside. It demonstrates that existing data, with enrichment, can be used to examine Asian-white disparities. It finds that Asians often receive poorer quality of care than whites, but disparities differ among metropolitan areas. This research enables policymakers to better understand and target resources to address Asianwhite disparities at the national and local community levels. [Health Affairs 27, no. 2 (2008): 538-549; 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.538] I n 2 0 0 0 , 1 1 . 9 m i ll i o n a s i an s l i v e d i n t h e United States, representing 4.2 percent of the total population. Over the next fifty years, the Asian American population is expected to triple in size. The number of Asian Medicare beneficiaries, who may have different health care needs than other beneficiaries, is expected to grow at an even faster rate. 1 Most studies of disparities have focused on blacks or Hispanics. Despite the large Asian population living in the United States, few studies have focused on the health care experiences of Asian Americans.This study examines whether the use of selected cancer screening and diabetes services available under traditional Medicare to whites and Asian Americans differ by socioeconomic status (SES) and within the largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in which elderly Asians reside.
Study BackgroundRace and ethnicity are strong predictors of the quality of care patients receive. The Institute of Medicine report Unequal Treatment includes an extensive literature review on disparities between minority and nonminority Americans. 3 Many recent studies demonstrate that minorities continue to experience disparities in health care quality. 4 Despite growing numbers of all minorities in the United States, little is known about minority groups other than blacks and Hispanics. Our understanding of disparities faced by Asian Americans is particularly rudimentary. In 2006 the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR), an annual report to the Congress on health care disparities, found that Asians receive lower quality of care compared with whites for one-third of the core measures tracked in the report, and such differences were not improving over time for three-quarters of the measures. 5 Asian American elders may be particularly vulnerable to disparities in health care quality. Among people age sixty-five and older, Asians have the highest rate of uninsurance (6 percent) compared with whites (0.2 percent), blacks (1 percent), and Hispanics (5 percent), perhaps reflecting different work patterns. 6 Elderly Asian Medicare beneficiaries more often report long waits to see doctors compared with whites. 7 Among Medicare managed care enrollees, Asians rate their doctors and overall health care the lowest of any grou...