Impact of botanical pesticides derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica on the biology of two parasitoid species of the diamondback moth

Neem Crude Extract as Potential Biopesticide for Controlling Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

“…As many plant products have been reported to possess pest control properties in various crop plants. Hence, in recent years there is an increased awareness on the use of plant products in pest management strategies such as Derris elliptica [21], Curcuma longa, Blumea balsamifera [22], Phytolacca dodecandra [23], Melia azedarach [24], Nicotiana tabacum [25], Chenopodium quinoa [5], Azadirachta indica [26], Barringtonia racemosa [27], Blumea mollis and Hygrophila auriculata [28].…”

Management strategies for western flower thrips in vegetable greenhouses in Iran: a review

“…Many of them provide a selective mode of action avoiding the emergence of resistant strains of pest species and in some cases they have no direct negative effects on beneficial insects. As a result, they can be safely used in integrated pest management (Charleston et al 2005).…”

Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies

“…Three different formulations (0.3%, 4.5%, and 1.6%) of azadirachtin were reported to indirectly affect the fecundity of Macrolophus caliginosus females [118]. Reproduction of the aphid predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza was not indirectly affected after exposure to azadirachtin [119], and azadirachtin did not indirectly affect the fecundity of the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani [120]; longevity and foraging ability of the parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae and Diadromus collaris and sex ratio of progeny [6]; nor reproduction of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus [121]. Cloyd et al (2009) [122] found, under laboratory conditions, that exposure to azadirachtin did not inhibit prey consumption (fungus gnat larvae) of rove beetle, Atheta coriaria adults.…”

“…This is often referred to as 'compatibility,' which is the ability to integrate or combine natural enemies with pesticides so as to regulate arthropod pest populations without directly or indirectly affecting the life history parameters or population dynamics of natural enemies [2,4]. This may also refer to pesticides being effective against targeted arthropod pests but relatively non-harmful to natural enemies [5,6].…”