Impact of biological control agents on fusaric acid secreted from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyder and Hansen in Gladiolus grandiflorus corms

Abstract

Fusaric acid (FA) (5-n-butylpuridine 2-carboxyl acid), a highly toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium oxysporum strains, plays a significant role in disease development. The abilities of three F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyder and Hansen isolates (G010; 649-91; and 160-57) to produce FA in infected Gladiolus corm tissues was evaluated in vitro in relation to the presence of two biological control agents, Trichoderma harzianum T22, and Aneurinobacillus migulanus. Pathogenicity tests were used to differentiate between the abilities of the F. oxysporum strains to secrete FA. FA was identified using LC/MS and quantified using HPLC. Isolate G010 was significantly more virulent (P < 0.01) on Gladiolus grandiflorus corms; it secretes 1.8 μM FA/g fresh weight corm into inoculated Gladiolus. Moreover, G010 was the only isolate that produced FA among the three examined isolates. There was a correlation between the corm lesion area and the FA secretion ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (P < 0.001; r (2) = 0.96). No FA was detected in PDA cultures of F.oxysporum f. sp. gladioli isolates. The presence of T. harzianum T22 appeared to prevent FA secretion into the corms. In the presence of A. migulanus, however, the amount of FA secreted into the corm tissues increased. These results support the use of T. harzianum as an effective biological control agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.

Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Plants to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, Fusaric Acid, and Water Deficit in a Hydrophonic System

“…medicagenis (Geraldo et al, 2010 ), F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Nosir et al, 2011 ), F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Chunli et al, 2000 ), F. oxysporum f. sp.…”

Fusaric acid-evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level

“…FA also causes plant diseases such as fusarium wilt, which reduces the yield of many agricultural crops (Singh et al 2017 ). The toxicity of FA has been documented in many plant species such as tomato (Singh et al 2017 ), potato (Sapko et al 2011 ), cucumber (Wang et al 2015 ), watermelon (Wu et al 2007 ), banana (Fung et al 2019 ), date palm (Bouizgarne et al 2004 ), Arabidopsis (Bouizgarne et al 2006a ), maize (Spss and Oliveira 2009 ), cotton (Stipanovic et al 2011 ), tobacco (Jiao et al 2014 ), wheat (Li et al 2021 ), barley (Liu et al 2016 ), saffron (Samadi and Shahsavan Behboodi 2006 ), wax gourd (Wang et al 2021 ), chihuahua flower (Antić et al 2020 ), faba bean (Li et al 2021 ), castor bean (Pavlovkin et al 2004 ), cape gooseberry (Mendoza-Vargas et al 2021 ), sword lily (Nosir et al 2011 ) and hemp broomrape (Bouizgarne et al 2006b ). In plants, FA induces oxidative stress, chloroplast and mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and DNA fragmentation (Jiao et al 2014 ; Iqbal et al 2021a ) (Fig.…”

Docking studies and network analyses reveal capacity of compounds from Kandelia rheedii to strengthen cellular immunity by interacting with host proteins during tuberculosis infection

“…It is typically isolated from various Fusarium species, and has been proposed for a various therapeutic applications. Fusaric acid is an important antibacterial agent and can also be used to kill cancer cells [9–15]. It thus can be used as a biocontrol agent [16, 17].…”