Impact of BeiDou Observations on the Accuracy of Multi-GNSS PPP in a Function of Observing Session Duration within Europe—Analysis Based on Open-Source Software GAMP

Dawidowicz, Karol; Bakuła, Mieczysław

doi:10.3390/rs15010158

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…In the paper [26], the authors concluded that the accuracy of PPP positioning could be improved by using BeiDou data. The time series of position components of selected EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) stations generated from sub-daily (30 min and longer) solutions was analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Positioning of Primary System of Geodetic Points by GNSS Technology in Railway Operating Conditions

Bures,

Vystavel,

Bartoněk

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This article deals with the analysis of the accuracy of the geodetic real-time GNSS measurement procedure used in railway operating conditions in the Czech Republic. The purpose was to determine to what extent the operating conditions affect the accuracy of the measurement result and whether an accuracy of standard deviation σx,y = 5 mm in the horizontal plane could be achieved. The use of geodetic GNSS equipment with an IMU unit was also tested. The accuracy obtained in operational conditions is compared with the accuracy obtained on a calibration base using the same measurement procedure. The consistency between the accuracy of the primary system (satellite-based) and the secondary system (terrestrially measured by the traverse method) is also discussed. The analysis includes the issue of residual inhomogeneities of the uniform transformation key when converted to the Czech national coordinate system S-JTSK. It is shown that a homogeneous accuracy in coordinate standard deviation better than σx,y = 5 mm can be achieved. The results indicate that the accuracy under operational conditions is two–three times worse than the accuracy achieved by the same procedure under ideal conditions on a calibration base. This is due to the non-ideal observing conditions, i.e., horizon occlusion by overlays, surrounding vegetation and multipath effects. It has been shown that the effect of multipath can be reduced by repeating short observations 3–4 h apart. Older GNSS instruments using an IMU unit in combination with an electronic compass (eCompass) are at risk of a systematic bias of up to several tens of millimeters, which can be detected by rotating the antenna by 180°. The current uniform transformation key used in the Czech Republic for the conversion of GNSS coordinates into the national system has residual geometric inhomogeneities (p = 0.90 to 10 mm/km, sporadically up to 20 mm/km), which metrologically deteriorate the results of the calculation of the terrestrially measured secondary system inserted into the GNSS measured primary system. Achieving homogeneous accuracy in coordinate standard deviation in a horizontal plane better than σx,y = 5 mm has been demonstrated in non-ideal railway operating conditions with increased risk of multipath. The innovative aspect of the approach used is that it simplifies and thus increases the efficiency of the measurement with respect to the availability of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou satellites, as well as reducing the effect of multipath on the noise by repeating the measurement procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Positioning of Primary System of Geodetic Points by GNSS Technology in Railway Operating Conditions

Bures,

Vystavel,

Bartoněk

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Evaluation and Analysis of the Accuracy of Open-Source Software and Online Services for PPP Processing in Static Mode

et al. 2023

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It has been proven that precise point positioning (PPP) is a well-established technique to obtain high-precision positioning in the order between centimeters and millimeters. In this context, different studies have been carried out to evaluate the performance of PPP in static mode as a possible alternative to the relative method. However, only a few studies have evaluated the performance of a large number of different open-source software programs and have focused extensively on online free PPP services. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive comparison of processing in static mode between different open-source software and the online free PPP services is developed. For the evaluation, different GNSS observation files collected at 45 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations distributed worldwide were processed in static PPP mode. Within this frame of reference, ten open-source PPP software and five online free PPP services were studied. The results from the processing strategy demonstrate that it is possible to obtain precision in the order of millimeters with both open-source software and online PPP services. In addition, online PPP services experienced better performance than some other specialized PPP software. In summary, the results show that the daily solutions for the E (East), N (North), and U (Up) components estimated by the ten open-source software and by the five online free PPP services can reach millimeter precision for some stations. Among the open-source software, the PRIDE-PPPAR presented the best performance with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.52, 5.40, and 6.79 mm in the E, N, and U components, respectively. Alternatively, in the case of the online free PPP services, the APPS and CSRS-PPP produced the most accurate results, with RMSE values less than 12 mm for the three components. Finally, the open-source software and online free PPP services experienced similar positioning performance in the horizontal and vertical components, demonstrating that both can be implemented in static mode without compromising the accuracy of the measurement.

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Impact of BeiDou Observations on the Accuracy of Multi-GNSS PPP in a Function of Observing Session Duration within Europe—Analysis Based on Open-Source Software GAMP

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Precise Positioning of Primary System of Geodetic Points by GNSS Technology in Railway Operating Conditions

Precise Positioning of Primary System of Geodetic Points by GNSS Technology in Railway Operating Conditions

Evaluation and Analysis of the Accuracy of Open-Source Software and Online Services for PPP Processing in Static Mode

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