Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load

Müller, Mathias S.; Schulze, Yannic; Reinhard, Janis

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124537

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[13,14] extend this finding for bidirectionally charged EVs. While spot market-oriented flexibility marketing can result in high peak-load-simultaneities and a significant increase in grid load, PV self-consumption optimization can slightly positively affect the distribution grid [13,15]. These papers analyze the systemic effects of smart EVs; however, on regional distribution grids rather than the country level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Systemic Evaluation of PV Self-Consumption Optimization Using Electric Vehicles

Ganz,

Kern,

Hinterstocker

2024

WEVJ

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The shift to electric transportation is crucial to fighting climate change. However, Germany’s goal of 15 million electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030 remains distant. Therefore, enhancing their economic viability is essential to promoting EV adoption. One promising option to increase the economics for the user is PV self-consumption optimization using smart charging EVs. Yet, more research is needed to explore the use case’s impacts on the German/European energy systems. Therefore, PV self-consumption optimization using EVs is integrated into an energy system model, assessing its impact on the energy system in 2030. For this purpose, the use case is modeled for different groups of people—personas—which are defined in a way that creates a diverse set of personas reflecting the distribution of different statistical values within Germany. The modified (dis)charging profiles are then aggregated and integrated into the energy system model. With a high implementation of PV self-consumption optimization in Germany in 2030, a positive system effect (with a system cost reduction of 53 million EUR/a) can be observed with a lower need for further storage and less curtailment of renewable energies (RES). Furthermore, the market values for RES increase by 0.7%, which fosters the integration of RES.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Systemic Evaluation of PV Self-Consumption Optimization Using Electric Vehicles

Ganz,

Kern,

Hinterstocker

2024

WEVJ

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“…Controlled strategies which incorporate not only charging the EV with excess PV but also discharging when consumption is greater in the house will further increase the SS of the system which is only possible if the EV has capabilities of bidirectional power flow. The concept of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) where the EV can charge as well as discharge, has been used in [13][14][15] for a household. There is a 13% increase in SC with bi-directional charging strategies as compared to unidirectional in [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) where the EV can charge as well as discharge, has been used in [13][14][15] for a household. There is a 13% increase in SC with bi-directional charging strategies as compared to unidirectional in [13]. Techno-economic analysis for a span of ten years is shown in [14], where a bi-directional EV can reduce the operational expense with respect to the electricity cost by 37% but has effects on the EV's battery lifetime which is reduced by 12%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi Agent Control Based Energy Optimisation of a Prosumer Household and a Community with Bidirectional Electric Vehicles

Sakarwala,

Beg,

Derendorf

et al. 2023

Atlantis Highlights in Engineering

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Prosumer households with photovoltaic systems face the problem of occasionally generating electricity that cannot be used within the house but must be fed into the electricity grid. This is not desired since with changing policies in Germany, the feed-in tariff has been reduced considerably and the cost of power consumed from the grid has increased significantly. To consume more solar power instead of feeding it into the grid the excess solar power can be consumed by a bidirectional electric vehicle present at the household. Additionally, this system can supply power to the household if solar power is insufficient. This study presents how bidirectional electric vehicles can optimise the self-consumption of solar photovoltaic energy and increase the self-sufficiency of the loads in a household and a community (i.e. group of households) by a hierarchical structure of control systems: car, household and community. They are optimising power flow locally and additionally consider information from the overand underlying controllers. The car controller is a bidirectional charging station where the electric vehicle is connected. It takes user preferences that are used by the household controller to perform power optimisation by handling the mismatch between generation and demand. The community level controller performs an on-the-top optimisation which reduces the power flow between the community and the electricity grid. The effect of the proposed system is investigated on a reference distribution grid simulated in the software package DIgSILENT PowerFactory whereas the control framework is developed in Python. Real load and irradiation profiles are used to execute the simulations. The results show that there is a 31% and 48% increase in the self-consumption and self-sufficiency on a household level whereas a 30% and 50% increase on a community level when the coordinated control system is implemented.

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“…In some studies, only smart unidirectional charging was examined [13]; in others, the bidirectional charging of EVs [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Some focused on a building energy system ( [18]), while others examined the impact on local grids (commercial, industrial, and parking lots) [20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Either renewable energy sources (e.g., PV systems) are considered in the system [17] or not [13,14,16,22]. Other studies look at stationary battery storage for peak shaving during the charging process of electric vehicles [22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study of the Use of Smart EV Charging for Peak Shaving in Local Area Grids

Meiers,

Frey

2023

Energies

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Electricity storage systems, whether electric vehicles or stationary battery storage systems, stabilize the electricity supply grid with their flexibility and thus drive the energy transition forward. Grid peak power demand has a high impact on the energy bill for commercial electricity consumers. Using battery storage capacities (EVs or stationary battery systems) can help to reduce these peaks, applying peak shaving. This study aims to address the potential of peak shaving using a PV plant and smart unidirectional and bidirectional charging technology for two fleets of electric vehicles and two comparable configurations of stationary battery storage systems on the university campus of Saarland University in Saarbrücken as a case study. Based on an annual measurement of the grid demand power of all consumers on the campus, a simulation study was carried out to compare the peak shaving potential of seven scenarios. For the sake of simplicity, it was assumed that the vehicles are connected to the charging station during working hours and can be charged and discharged within a user-defined range of state of charge. Furthermore, only the electricity costs were included in the profitability analysis; investment and operating costs were not taken into account. Compared to a reference system without battery storage capacities and a PV plant, the overall result is that the peak-shaving potential and the associated reduction in total electricity costs increases with the exclusive use of a PV system (3.2%) via the inclusion of the EV fleet (up to 3.0% for unidirectional smart charging and 8.1% for bidirectional charging) up to a stationary battery storage system (13.3%).

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Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Systemic Evaluation of PV Self-Consumption Optimization Using Electric Vehicles

Systemic Evaluation of PV Self-Consumption Optimization Using Electric Vehicles

Multi Agent Control Based Energy Optimisation of a Prosumer Household and a Community with Bidirectional Electric Vehicles

A Case Study of the Use of Smart EV Charging for Peak Shaving in Local Area Grids

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