Impact of automated driving systems on road freight transport and electrified propulsion of heavy vehicles

Ghandriz, Toheed; Jacobson, Bengt J H; Laine, Leo; Hellgren, Jonas

doi:10.1016/j.trc.2020.102610

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the profitability and feasibility of deploying battery electric heavy vehicles remains a concern. The weight and volume of goods, operating range, payload, utilization level, purchase cost, charging infrastructure, battery life, energy consumption, available routes, average speed, and logistics are among the factors that affect the profitability of battery electric heavy vehicles, according to [2,3,5,11,20,23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. TCO provides a good means of estimating profitability and is used for comparative analysis of the competitive technologies [3,5,20,23,[26][27][28][29][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such optimization has a strong essence of multi-criteria decisions [10], for which, this study utilizes the fleet TCO as a cost function considering the service life of vehicles. TCO is usually used for measuring competitiveness between different vehicle powertrain solutions, for example in works done by [4,11]. TCO reflects differences between fixed and operational costs of different vehicle-hardware setups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

et al. 2021

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Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities of reducing emissions, manufacturing and operational costs from end vehicles are neglected if the target range of transportation tasks is narrow and known in advance, especially in case of electrified propulsion. Apart from real-time energy optimization, vehicle hardware can be meticulously tailored to best fit a known transportation task. As proposed in this study, a heterogeneous fleet of heavy-vehicles can be designed in a more cost- and energy-efficient manner, if the coupling between vehicle hardware, transportation mission, and infrastructure is considered during initial conceptual-design stages. To this end, a rather large optimization problem was defined and solved to minimize the total cost of fleet ownership in an integrated manner for a real-world case study. In the said case-study, design variables of optimization problem included mission, recharging infrastructure, loading–unloading scheme, number of vehicles of each type, number of trips, vehicle-loading capacity, selection between conventional, fully electric, and hybrid powertrains, size of internal-combustion engines and electric motors, number of axles being powered, and type and size of battery packs. This study demonstrated that by means of integrated fleet customization, battery-electric heavy-vehicles could strongly compete against their conventional combustion-powered counterparts. The primary focus has been put on optimizing vehicle propulsion, transport mission, infrastructure and fleet size rather than routing.

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Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

et al. 2021

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“…This would result in a new organization of road freight transport towards a structure similar to current multi-modal freight transport networks [23]. Anticipated long-term impacts include trucking cost savings [24][25][26] which increase road transport volumes [27]. Also, increasing truck utilization is expected [28][29][30] which could result in smaller truck fleets.…”

Section: Effects Of Digitalization On Road Freight Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Driverless vehicles are expected to not only reduce the operational costs of freight transportation by removing the driver from the vehicles but to change the cost structure of truck ownership for haulers [24][25][26]. Moreover, there are reports focusing on labor market issues related to automated driving in freight transportation [30,35,36].…”

Section: Effects Of Digitalization On Road Freight Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Digitalization Change the Road Freight Transportation? - Future Scenarios with Sweden as a Case Study

Pernestål¹,

Engholm²,

Bemler³

et al. 2020

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Road freight transportation is a key function of modern societies. At the same time, road freight transportation accounts for significant emissions. To reach the UN sustainability goals, sustainable road freight transportation is key. Digitalization, including automation, digitized information, and AI provide opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase service levels in road freight transportation. Digitalization may also radically change the business ecosystem in the sector. In this paper, the question “How will digitalization change the road freight transportation landscape?” is addressed by developing four different future scenarios, using Sweden as a case study. For each of the four scenarios the impacts on the road freight transportation sector are investigated, and opportunities and barriers to reach a sustainable transportation system in each of the scenarios are discussed. In all scenarios an increase in vehicle kilometers travelled is predicted, and in three of the four scenarios significant increases of recycling and urban freight flows are predicted. The scenario development process highlighted how there are important uncertainties in the development of the society that will be highly important for the development of the digitized freight transportation landscape. One example is the sustainability paradigm, which was identified as a strategic uncertainty.

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“…In addition, growing demands of road freight transport [10] entail deployment of longer and heavier vehicles, i.e., long combination vehicles (LCVs) on roads [11]. Compared to tractors and semitrailers, LCVs occupy less space on roads for the same amount of transported freight and exhibit reduced fuel consumption and total cost of ownership on average of approximately 17% and 30%, respectively [12], [13]. However, there are only a few countries in the world that allow LCVs on public roads, as the dynamic behavior of LCVs must be better controlled and investigated to ensure safe performance on roads [14]- [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computationally Efficient Nonlinear One- and Two-Track Models for Multitrailer Road Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Impact of automated driving systems on road freight transport and electrified propulsion of heavy vehicles

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

Will Digitalization Change the Road Freight Transportation? - Future Scenarios with Sweden as a Case Study

Computationally Efficient Nonlinear One- and Two-Track Models for Multitrailer Road Vehicles

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