Impact of antibiotic-coated sutures on surgical site infections: a second-order meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a global challenge, impacting patients and healthcare expenditures. This second-order meta-analysis endeavors to assess the efficacy of antibiotic sutures in averting SSIs by amalgamating data from various meta-studies. Materials and Methods This research adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality and comprehensiveness of the encompassed meta-analyses were assessed through the QUOROM checklist and AMSTAR techniques. The primary study overlap was evaluated via measures such as pairwise intersection heat maps, Corrected Covered Area (CCA), and the citation matrix of evidence. The statistical power at the study level was determined utilizing the meta-meta package. Data synthesis employed random and fixed effects models at a 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential correlations between the CDC classification of surgical site infections, trial types, and the observed effect sizes in the studies. Results This investigation revealed a significant reduction in SSI rates due to antimicrobial-coated sutures, evidenced by a relative risk (RR) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.76), with a prediction interval of 0.38 to 1.19. The analysis encompassed 18 studies with 22 meta-analyses, demonstrating a median QUOROM score of 13.6 out of 18 and an AMSTAR score of 9.1 out of 11. The presence of moderate heterogeneity was noted (Q=106.611, I square=54.038%), with non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exhibiting an RR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.80), and RCTs displaying an RR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81). Subgroup analysis unveiled variable RR reductions for specific surgical procedures. Conclusion Antimicrobial-coated sutures offer a promising approach to mitigating surgical site infection risk (SSIs). However, their efficacy is optimally realized when employed in conjunction with other robust practices.