Impact of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, anti-insulin and anti-tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies on disease activity in type 1 diabetes patients

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against glutamic-aciddecarboxylase (GAD)65, insulin and tyrosine phosphatase (TP) as a feature of disease. The correlations of these autoantibodies with disease severity remain to be explored. Here we investigate the status and contribution of autoantibodies against GAD65, insulin and TP in T1D patients and to explore whether these antibodies have a role in T1D progression and in T1D associated neuropathy. Methods: Sera from 57 T1D patients with varying levels of disease activities and 42 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated for anti-GAD65-antibodies, anti-insulin-antibodies and anti-TP-antibodies. Results: Serum analysis showed T1D patients contain 42% of anti-GAD65-antibodies, 76% of anti-insulin-antibodies and 34% of anti-TP-antibodies. Interestingly, not only was there an increased number of subjects positive for these antibodies, but also levels of these antibodies were significantly higher among T1D patients whose ages were >35 years as compared with younger T1D patients (age ≤35 years). In addition, significant correlation was observed between the levels of these antibodies and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ). Furthermore, T1D neuropathic patients had higher levels of these antibodies compared with T1D patients without neuropathy. Conclusions: Our data support an association between these markers autoantibodies and severity of T1D. The stronger response observed in patients with uncontrolled T1D suggests that these antibodies may be useful biomarkers in evaluating the progress of T1D and in elucidating the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Filaggrin, major basic protein and leukotriene B4: Biomarkers for adult patients of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis

“…As a whole, the present findings clearly suggest the roles of multiple proteins in the pathogenesis of BA, AR and AD. Our results are fully supported by numerous studies performed in different disorders including allergic disorders (31)(32)(33)(34). In our previous studies we have also reported pathogenic effects of multiple proteins in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (35)(36)(37).…”

Early Detection of T1DM Using Anti- GAD and Anti-Insulin Antibodies

“…It was also found in the present study that mean anti-GAD antibodies were higher in chronic diabetic patients than in the early diabetic patients and control group. This result also in agreement with the result of Farhan et al (2013) in which mean±SE anti-GAD in T1DM patients was (0.024±0.003) while mean ± SE anti-GAD in healthy controls was (0.004±.0020).Our results demonstrated that 9 persons of chronic diabetic group were positive for anti-insulin antibody, 11 person of early diabetic group were positive for anti-insulin antibody. While the total number of T1DM patients who are positive for anti-insulin antibody was 20.…”

Knowledge and practices of fundoscopy among general practitioners in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia, for the management of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: A cross-sectional study

“…Diabetes-associated complications have now become major health problems in all over the world, and the cause of their onset seems to be multifactorial. 1,[23][24][25][26] DR is one of its major complications, and its prevalence rate is continuously on the rise in all over the globe including Saudi Arabia.6-8,15 Furthermore, retinopathy in diabetic patients is also associated with the number of other complications, including DME, which is now considered to be the most common problem associated with retinopathy patients. 10 Now it is well established that the DME frequently occurred in patients with retinopathy at any stage and becomes one of the main reasons to produce the complete blindness.…”