Impact of Animal Origin Food Production on Climate Change and Vice Versa: Analysis from a Meat and Dairy Products Perspective

An overview of the interactions between food production and climate change

“…Farm-based livestock activities contribute directly to climate change due to enteric fermentation and manure management and indirectly through the production of feed (Röös et al, 2013;Gerber et al, 2015). Since farms are identified as one of the most contributing links to climate change in the food supply chain, a bottom-up approach in analyzing practices at farms should explore improvement techniques and mitigation strategies in combating climate change (Djekic and Tomasevic, 2020a). A nexus approach can enhance water, energy and food security by increasing efficiency, reducing trade-offs, building synergies and improving governance across sectors (Hoff, 2011).…”

Role of the Food Supply Chain Stakeholders in Achieving UN SDGs

“…In this regard, Farmery et al [48] highlights the inadequacy of this food-mile concept as a sustainable metric, and Schmitt et al [49] concluded that the health and socio-economic dimensions are the key ones for local products, after comparing the sustainability of 14 local and global foods, considering five dimensions (environmental, economic, social, health and ethics). Some food commodities require cold chains associated with maintaining optimal time/temperature ratio during transportation involving specific trucks and refrigerants [50]. Climate change impact linked with food trade is associated with the use of refrigerants needed in cold chains as this is important for achieving prescribed food safety levels [51,52].…”

“…In the past 5 years, a large amount of literature has reported the environmental benefits of adopting healthy and sustainable diets (i.e., [66][67][68][69]), showing that dietary shift is a key strategy for climate action. Still, the pressure on changing dietary habits as a result of mainly environmental impacts is more explored in scientific models than observed in everyday life [50]. Therefore, the fundamental question remains on how to encourage people to adopt sustainable diets (SDG 2, 3, 12, 13).…”

Meat supply chain in the perspective of UN SDGs

“…Main challenge is how to produce sufficient amounts of food for the world's population from the perspective of observing interaction between climate change and food production. The impact of meat production is twofold in terms that meat production has an impact on climate change and vice versa, climate change has an impact on meat production [38].…”

“…Reasons for discarding meat waste are expired date and rotten taste and/or smell [45]. In order to maintain meat safety, control of the cold chain joint with expiring date care are very important [38] as consumers are the weakest link in cold chains.…”