Impact of and protection against failures of the LHC injection kickers

Brüning, Oliver; Hilaire, Amanda St.; Jeanneret, J.B.; Mertens, Tom; Peraire, F.; Sala-Ferrari, P.; Weisse, E.

doi:10.1109/pac.1999.795619

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Beam-coupling impedance reduction techniques have been implemented for the MKI kickers [46] used for injection into the CERN LHC rings. A 3 m long alumina tube was manufactured with 24 slots on its inside diameter [47,48], where beam screen conductors are inserted.…”

Section: A Beam Screenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Koukovini-Platia

Barnes

Bartosik

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) has been known to suffer from horizontal instabilities since its early operation in the 1970s. These instabilities appear at specific beam energies and range of working points. The source of the instability and the reason why the instabilities appear at specific energies remained unidentified. However, in routine operation, the instabilities have not been limiting the PSB performance reach thanks to the use of a horizontal feedback system, which can suppress their onset for all beam intensities needed in the PSB. Recently, the interest in these instabilities has been revived by the ongoing LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) program, as well as, the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study group. In fact, the PSB is being upgraded to a new energy range and higher beam intensities will be requested in future operation. To ensure that these instabilities will not limit the PSB performance in the future parameter range, a systematic characterization has been carried out through several measurements and models. At fixed energy, the dependence of the instability on the working point has been fully studied experimentally. Macroparticle simulations and analytical modeling have been applied to explain the measurements, suggesting that the main driving term behind these instabilities is the unmatched termination of the PSB extraction kickers. Analytical studies also explained for the first time why the instability appears at specific energies in the PSB cycle and showed that no other instability is expected above 1.4 GeV. Finally, the hypothesis on the main instability driving term has been verified experimentally by performing measurements with the kicker terminations temporarily matched. In this configuration, no sign of instability was observed and the extraction kicker could be unambiguously identified as the source of the instability. Some options to permanently suppress the source of the instability are proposed.

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Section: A Beam Screenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Koukovini-Platia

Barnes

Bartosik

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…The damage level for LHC equipment for fast and localised losses is estimated to be around 20 J/g [4]. Secondary and scattered particles must not cause damage to local equipment, in particular the D1 magnet (Fig.…”

Section: Protection Against Injection Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Plans for Injection and Beam Dump

Barnes¹,

Uythoven²,

Goddard³

et al. 2015

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

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The injection and beam dumping systems of the LHC will need to be upgraded to comply with the requirements of operation with the HL-LHC beams. The elements of the injection system concerned are the fixed and movable absorbers which protect the LHC in case of an injection kicker error and the injection kickers themselves. The beam dumping system elements under study are the absorbers which protect the aperture in case of an asynchronous beam dump and the beam absorber block. The operational limits of these elements and the new developments in the context of the HL-LHC project are described.

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“…Careful control of the trajectory and the preservation of the very small emittance during transfer and injection are of key importance, due to the limited mechanical aperture of the transfer line magnets, the high intensity and energy in the beam, and the tight tolerances on the beam parameters at injection into the LHC [9]. The machine protection elements in the lines should prevent the transfer of damaging beams into the LHC, either by interlocking or by the passive protection systems.…”

Section: E Injection Protection Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam-related machine protection for the CERN Large Hadron Collider experiments

Appleby

Goddard

Gomez-Alonso

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva stores 360 MJ per beam of protons at the top machine energy. This amount of energy storage presents a considerable challenge to the machine protection systems designed to protect both the machine and the six LHC experiments. This paper provides an overview of the machine protection systems relevant to the protection of the experiments, and demonstrates their operation and level of protection through a series of injection and stored beam failure scenarios. We conclude that the systems provide sufficient coverage for the protection of the experiments as far as reasonably possible.

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Impact of and protection against failures of the LHC injection kickers

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Source of horizontal instability at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster

Challenges and Plans for Injection and Beam Dump

Beam-related machine protection for the CERN Large Hadron Collider experiments

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