Impact of age, gender, race, and ethnicity on mortality in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with psychiatric disorder in the United States

Abstract

We read with great interest the article by Barcella et al. regarding the 7 unfavorable 30-day survival following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 8 (OHCA) in 27,523 adult Danish patients. 1 We would like to contribute 9 empirical data to this crucial topic by providing a nationwide United 10 States (US) inpatient demographic perspective. 11 A majority of cardiac arrests in the US are OHCA, which have 12 abysmal survival rates. 2 Although the impact of OHCA on the mental 13 health of surviving patients is profound and has been well described, 3 14 the impact of mental health on OHCA has not been sufficiently studied. 15 It is essential to identify independent demographic risk factors that 16 may influence mortality outcomes among these patients. 17 We utilized the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 18 (2007À2014) (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp) to an-19 alyze the frequency of OHCA related hospitalizations in adult patients 20 with co-existing psychiatric disorders and their impact on in-patient 21 mortality. OHCA-related admissions were identified using ICD-9 code 22 427.5 to evaluate all primary discharge diagnoses. 4 Psychiatric 23 disorders were identified using ICD-9 codes as detailed in our earlier 24 studies. 5,6 25 Of total 68,386 OHCA-related admissions (2007À2014) in the US, 26 32.8 % (n = 22,426) had comorbid psychiatric disorders (Table 1).

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest within the United States: Now is the time for change

“…Several studies show that racial and ethnic minorities as well as people from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are more likely to suffer from OHCA but are less likely to survive to hospital discharge compared to their White or higher-income counterparts. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 There is significant regional variation in OHCA survival that may also be driven by racial and socioeconomic differences throughout the United States. 15 , 16 For instance, per the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium observational data, survival from OHCA in rural Alabama is 500% lower than it is in suburban King County, Washington.…”