Impact of Abamectin on Anagrus nilaparvatae, An Egg Parasitoid of Nilaparvata lugens

Abstract

Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an egg parasitoid potential for controlling the major pests on rice, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens [Hemiptera: Delphacidae]). Abamectin is one of insecticides registered for N. lugens. The research was aimed to investigate the impact of contact application of abamectin on the parasitism level of A. nilaparvatae under laboratory conditions. Adults of A. nilaparvatae and the first instars as well as adults of N. lugens were exposed to the residue of abamection inside the test tube. A. nilaparvatae was much more susceptible to abamectin compared to N. lugens. Application of abamectin at the recommended concentration (22.78 ppm) for 30 min caused 100% mortality, and it reduced to 85% when the concentration was decreased to 0.36 ppm. In contrast, the mortality for the first instar of N. lugens was only 15% at 22.78 and no mortality at 0.36 ppm. No N. lugens adults died even when they were exposed to 22.78 ppm. Furthermore, the parasitism test was conducted using 38 days after planting of IR-64 rice variety. Those plants were infested with 50 females of N. lugens for 2 days. A. nilaparvatae were exposed by contact to 0.02, 0.23, and 2.28 ppm of abamectin. The survivors were released to the rice plant containing eggs of N. lugens. Contact application of abamectin reduced parasitism level of A. nilaparvatae as much as 86.34, 70.01, and 28.43% with concentrations of 2.28 ppm, 0.23 and 0.02 ppm, respectively. In addition, the number of parasitoids emerged decreased with increasing concentration of abamectin. These results suggest that abamectin could be detrimental to A. nilaparvatae due to direct mortality, reduced the parasitism level, and decreased the number of progeny produced.

The abundance of canopy arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp main and ratooned rice applied with bioinsecticides and synthetic insecticide

“…This is in line with the reports of Ananiev et al (2002) that abamectin is wide spectrum activity. Sasmito et al 2017) reported that abamectin could decrease abundance of BPH parasitoid (Anagrus nilaparvatae). The abamectin was proven to be able to reduce the abundance of arthropods in rice.…”

“…It can produce beauvericin, a toxin for insect pests (Rachmawati et al 2018). While abamectin is an insecticide with broad-spectrum activity (Ananiev et al 2002) and often used by farmers in Indonesia to control a brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens but the abamectin reduced the parasitism level and the number of BPH parasitoid (Anagrus nilaparvatae) progeny emerged (Sasmito et al 2017). This study aimed to compare the abundance of arthropods in main and ratoon rice applied with bioinsecticides derived from entomopathogenic fungi and abamectin.…”

Diversity of Natural Enemies Associated with Refuge Flowering Plants of Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta in Rice Ecosystem

“…In addition to impacting target insects, pesticides greatly affect natural enemies. The direct impact of the application of sublethal concentration of insecticides caused the mortality of Anagrus nilaparvatae, a parasitic wasp of Nilaparvata lugens, by up to 100%, decreased the parasitic rate by 76.03% and the adult emergence by 99.67% (Sasmito et al, 2017). The application of insecticide reduced the parasitic level of A. nilaparvatae through decreasing fecundity and adult longevity (Meilin et al, 2012;Haryati et al, 2016).…”

The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy

“…The highest decrease in the number of species was found in the plot applied with abamectin. Some species of non-target arthropods got sensitive to abamectin applications, namely species of web-building spiders and Carabidae (Prabawati et al 2019), parasitoids (Anagrus nilaparvatae) (Sasmito et al 2017). In this study, the spider species sensitive to high doses of bioinsecticides (3 and 4 L.ha -1 ) were Camaricus formosus, Oxyopes matiensis, while the predatory arthropods included Ischnura senegalensis, Libellula luctuosa, Ortetrum Sabina.…”

“…In addition, the abundance of the Hymenoptera parasitoid also decreased significantly when abamectin was applied. Sasmito et al (2017) reported that abamectin could reduce the ability of the brown planthopper parasitoid (Anagrus nilaparvatae) in parasitizing and also reduced the abundance of these parasitoid offspring. The abundance of herbivores started to decrease when applied with bioinsecticides of 2, 3 or 4 L.ha -1 , but at doses of 3 or 4 L.ha -1 the diversity of species of non-target arthropods (predators and parasitoids) began to decrease.…”