Impact of a possible future global hydrogen economy on Arctic stratospheric ozone loss

Vogel, Bärbel; Feck, T.; Grooß, Jens‐Uwe; Riese, Martin

doi:10.1039/c2ee03181g

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, H 2 affects air quality because it is an ozone (O 3 ) precursor and indirectly increases the lifetime of the air pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) through competition for OH. In the stratosphere, H 2 O that is produced through the oxidation of H 2 increases humidity, which can result in increased formation of polar stratospheric clouds and O 3 depletion (Tromp et al, 2003), but this effect may be weaker than estimated initially (Warwick et al, 2004;Vogel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H2 by soil

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Molecular hydrogen (H 2)is the second most abundant reduced trace gas (after methane) in the atmosphere, but its biogeochemical cycle is not well understood. Our study focuses on the soil production and uptake of H 2 and the associated isotope effects. Air samples from a grass field and a forest site in the Netherlands were collected using soil chambers. The results show that uptake and emission of H 2 occurred simultaneously at all sampling sites, with strongest emission at the grassland sites where clover (N 2 fixing legume) was present. The H 2 mole fraction and deuterium content were measured in the laboratory to determine the isotopic fractionation factor during H 2 soil uptake (α soil ) and the isotopic signature of H 2 that is simultaneously emitted from the soil (δD soil ). By considering all netuptake experiments, an overall fractionation factor for deposition of α soil = k HD / k HH = 0.945 ± 0.004 (95 % CI) was obtained. The difference in mean α soil between the forest soil 0.937 ± 0.008 and the grassland 0.951 ± 0.026 is not statistically significant. For two experiments, the removal of soil cover increased the deposition velocity (v d ) and α soil simultaneously, but a general positive correlation between v d and α soil was not found in this study. When the data are evaluated with a model of simultaneous production and uptake, the isotopic composition of H 2 that is emitted at the grassland site is calculated as δD soil = (−530 ± 40) ‰. This is less deuterium depleted than what is expected from isotope equilibrium between H 2 O and H 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H2 by soil

et al. 2015

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“…Li et al, 2005;Randel and Park, 2006;Park et al, 2007Park et al, , 2008Park et al, , 2009. Hence, in satellite measurements relatively large concentrations of tropospheric trace gases such as water vapour (H 2 O) (Rosenlof et al, 1997;Jackson et al, 1998), carbon monoxide (CO) (Li et al, 2005;Park et al, 2008), and methane (CH 4 ) (Park et al, 2004;Xiong et al, 2009) are found in the Asian monsoon anticyclone, isolated by a transport barrier from the surrounding air. Conversely, stratospheric trace gases such as O 3 show low concentrations in the anticyclone (Randel and Park, 2006;Liu et al, 2009;Konopka et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast transport from Southeast Asia boundary layer sources to northern Europe: rapid uplift in typhoons and eastward eddy shedding of the Asian monsoon anticyclone

Vogel¹,

Günther²,

Müller³

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

117

155

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Abstract. Enhanced tropospheric trace gases such as CO, CH4 and H2O and reduced stratospheric O3 were measured in situ in the lowermost stratosphere over northern Europe on 26 September 2012 during the TACTS aircraft campaign. The measurements indicate that these air masses clearly differ from the stratospheric background. The calculation of 40-day backward trajectories with the trajectory module of the CLaMS model shows that these air masses are affected by the Asian monsoon anticyclone. Some air masses originate from the boundary layer in Southeast Asia/West Pacific and are rapidly lifted (1–2 days) within a typhoon up to the outer edge of the Asian monsoon anticyclone. Afterwards, the air parcels are entrained by the anticyclonic circulation of the Asian monsoon. The subsequent long-range transport (8–14 days) of enhanced water vapour and pollutants to the lowermost stratosphere in northern Europe is driven by eastward transport of tropospheric air from the Asian monsoon anticyclone caused by an eddy shedding event. We found that the combination of rapid uplift by a typhoon and eastward eddy shedding from the Asian monsoon anticyclone is a novel fast transport pathway that may carry boundary emissions from Southeast Asia/West Pacific within approximately 5 weeks to the lowermost stratosphere in northern Europe.

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“…The atmospheric budget of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) has recently gained increasing interest because of the ongoing discussion of a potential shift from our fossil fuel-based energy economy, to one that is based on H 2 as an energy carrier. Such a shift could lead to increased anthropogenic emissions from leakage of H 2 , and therefore potentially change the chemistry and physics of our atmosphere (Schultz et al, 2003;Warwick et al, 2004;Vogel et al, 2012). A better understanding of the current anthropogenic contribution to the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular hydrogen (H2) combustion emissions and their isotope (D/H) signatures from domestic heaters, diesel vehicle engines, waste incinerator plants, and biomass burning

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Molecular hydrogen (H2), its stable isotope signature (δD), and the key combustion parameters carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were measured from various combustion processes. H2 in the exhaust of gas and oil-fired heaters and of waste incinerator plants was generally depleted compared to ambient intake air, while CO was significantly elevated. These findings contradict the often assumed co-occurring net H2 and CO emissions in combustion processes and suggest that previous H2 emissions from combustion may have been overestimated when scaled to CO emissions. For the gas and oil-fired heater exhausts, H2 and δD generally decrease with increasing CO2, from ambient values of ~0.5 ppm and +130‰ to 0.2 ppm and −206‰, respectively. These results are interpreted as a combination of an isotopically light H2 source from fossil fuel combustion and a D/H kinetic isotope fractionation of hydrogen in the advected ambient air during its partial removal during combustion. Diesel exhaust measurements from dynamometer test stand driving cycles show elevated H2 and CO emissions during cold-start and some acceleration phases. While H2 and CO emissions from diesel vehicles are known to be significantly less than those from gasoline vehicles (on a fuel-energy base), we find that their molar H2/CO ratios (median 0.026, interpercentile range 0.12) are also significantly less compared to gasoline vehicle exhaust. Using H2/CO emission ratios, along with CO global emission inventories, we estimate global H2 emissions for 2000, 2005, and 2010. For road transportation (gasoline and diesel), we calculate 8.3 ± 2.2 Tg, 6.0 ± 1.5 Tg, and 3.8 ± 0.94 Tg, respectively, whereas the contribution from diesel vehicles is low (0.9–1.4%). Other fossil fuel emissions are believed to be negligible but H2 emissions from coal combustion are unknown. For residential (domestic) emissions, which are likely dominated by biofuel combustion, emissions for the same years are estimated at 2.7 ± 0.7 Tg, 2.8 ± 0.7 Tg, and 3.0 ± 0.8 Tg, respectively. For biomass burning H2 emissions, we derive a mole fraction ratio ΔH2/ΔCH4 (background mole fractions subtracted) of 3.6 using wildfire emission data from the literature and support these findings with our wood combustion results. When combining this ratio with CH4 emission inventories, the resulting global biomass burning H2 emissions agree well with published global H2 emissions, suggesting that CH4 emissions may be a good proxy for biomass burning H2 emissions.

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Impact of a possible future global hydrogen economy on Arctic stratospheric ozone loss

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H<sub>2</sub> by soil

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H<sub>2</sub> by soil

Fast transport from Southeast Asia boundary layer sources to northern Europe: rapid uplift in typhoons and eastward eddy shedding of the Asian monsoon anticyclone

Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) combustion emissions and their isotope (D/H) signatures from domestic heaters, diesel vehicle engines, waste incinerator plants, and biomass burning

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Impact of a possible future global hydrogen economy on Arctic stratospheric ozone loss

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by soil

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by soil

Fast transport from Southeast Asia boundary layer sources to northern Europe: rapid uplift in typhoons and eastward eddy shedding of the Asian monsoon anticyclone

Molecular hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) combustion emissions and their isotope (D/H) signatures from domestic heaters, diesel vehicle engines, waste incinerator plants, and biomass burning

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Product

Resources

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Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H<sub>2</sub> by soil

Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H<sub>2</sub> by soil

Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) combustion emissions and their isotope (D/H) signatures from domestic heaters, diesel vehicle engines, waste incinerator plants, and biomass burning