“…Hand hygiene is recognised to be one of the simplest and most effective ways to decrease transmission of infections, and the practice of appropriate adherence is important (Castle et al, ). However, the results in this study are in line with a French study conducted in eight different settings for elderly (61.2%; Eveillard et al, ). Three other studies have reported significantly lower hand hygiene adherence in long care facilities in elderly and nursing homes, respectively, 14.7% in Hamilton, Ontario, 17.5% in Italy and 11.3% in Taiwan (Liu, Liang, Wu, & Chuang, ; Pan et al, ; Smith, Carusone, & Loeb, ).…”