Impact of 28 year old agroforestry systems on soil carbon dynamics in Eastern Himalayas

Yadav, Gulab Singh; Kandpal, B.K.; Das, Anup; Mohapatra, K. P.; Devi, A. Gangarani; Devi, H. Lembisana; Chandra, Puran; Singh, Raghavendra; Barman, Kalyan

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111978

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The less energy a system uses, the more efficient it is. CA has reduced energy consumption for irrigation, tractor operation, weeding, and other agricultural processes (Yadav, Kandpal, Das, et al, 2021; Zhao et al, 2019). A study conducted under conservation tillage in red soils of Bangladesh indicated the number of tillage operations were reduced 1.6‐times below CT (Table 8) (Sayed et al, 2020).…”

Section: Conservation Agriculture For the Sustainability Of Agroecosy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the current population trends continue, the World's food production will need to expand by another 70% to 100% in the near future (Babu, Singh, et al, 2022). If sustainable production criteria are neglected, this may encourage further forest and pasture clearance for crop cultivation (Yadav, Kandpal, Das, et al, 2021). Land degradation is exacerbated by population expansion and economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

et al. 2023

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Currently, agroecosystems sustainability is mainly challenged by unsustainable agricultural practices that lead to land degradation and amplified climate change. About 25% of the World's total land area has deteriorated due to improper agricultural land management, resulting in ~24 billion tonnes of annual soil loss. Globally, soil erosion, mainly caused by high‐frequency tilling, crop residue removal or burning, poor pasture management, and inefficient crop rotations, is responsible for >40% of total land deterioration problems. Conservation agriculture (CA) seeks minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, which are indispensable for soil fertility restoration, carbon stabilization, increased soil biodiversity, and sustainable food production. In the last decades, the global annual adoption rate of CA was 7 M ha yr−1. CA‐based soil and crop management practices enhanced water productivity, soil organic carbon, crop productivity, and energy use efficiency by 18%–66%, 12%–93%, 3.8%–76.2%, and 8.9%–40.2%, respectively, over conventional practices under diverse agroecosystems in India. Hence, adopting CA can avert/minimize the problem of land degradation and food insecurity by improving crop productivity and decreasing soil erosion, energy use, and carbon emission, besides maintaining soil physicochemical and biological health. Moreover, CA can be a sustainable way to ensure global food demand, achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), and restore soil health, and multiple agroecosystem services. This study aims to provide in‐depth insights into the role of CA in restoring agroecosystem services, attaining SDGs, and ensuring global food security.

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Section: Conservation Agriculture For the Sustainability Of Agroecosy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

et al. 2023

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“…The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are highly peculiar due to their diverse structure and functionality (Singh et al, 2018). They are often regarded as the shadow of natural forests and offer multiple bene ts from ecological to livelihood, including restricting carbon emissions and ensuring socio-economic security (Yadav et al, 2021). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the variation in tree density, biomass and carbon stock across an altitudinal gradient under large cardamom agroforestry systems of Darjeeling Himalaya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Vineeta

Sarkar

Tamang

et al. 2023

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It has been reported that the large cardamom-based traditional agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, India represents a sustainable land use system with a high potential to store and sequester biomass carbon. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in biomass stock and carbon accumulation of this indigenous system along an altitudinal gradient. The study area was classified into three altitude classes as low (700–1200 m asl), mid (1200–1700 m asl) and high (> 1700 m asl). The biomass and carbon storage for low-, mid- and high-altitude classes was estimated at 630.17 and 296.18 Mg ha− 1, 397.05 and 186.61 Mg ha− 1 and 315.78 and 148.42 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi, Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana were the most dominant species in the low-, mid-, and high altitudinal classes, respectively. The IVI and total biomass of the five dominant species in low-, mid- and high altitudes ranged from 17.34–26.04, 18.15–37.56, 27.13–42.43 and 9.05-133.75 Mgha− 1, 1.38–37.43 Mgha− 1 and 19.0-72.1 Mgha− 1 respectively. Schima wallichi occurred in all the altitudinal classes among the top five dominant species. Across all the altitudinal gradients, the average ecosystem carbon storage was estimated at 295.02 Mg ha− 1. The contribution of SOC to the ecosystem carbon stock increased with the increasing altitude. In contrast, the contribution of biomass carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock decreased with the increase in altitude. The ecosystem carbon stock estimated for the low-altitude class was 36.43% and 45.30% higher than the mid- and high-altitude agroforestry systems. The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are thus a prospective carbon sink, both in vegetation and soil due to higher tree densities and natural resource conservation-based traditional farming practices.

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“…The altitudinal gradient significantly influenced trees' biomass and carbon stock potential in agroforestry systems (Gebrewahid et al, 2018). Biomass and carbon stock of agroforestry systems in addition to vegetation, particularly woody species composition also vary with locality factors, and geographic position or altitudes (Sharma et al, 2016c;Cardinael et al, 2018;Feliciano et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018;Corbeels et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2021). The main drivers of biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) production, incorporation, and mineralisation in an ecosystem are temperature and humidity (Tornquist et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are highly peculiar due to their diverse structure and functionality (Singh et al, 2018). They are often regarded as the shadow of natural forests and offer multiple benefits from ecological to livelihood, including restricting carbon emissions and ensuring socioeconomic security (Yadav et al, 2021). Academic research studies still need to pay attention to this traditional farming system of the region in terms of distribution and relationship between on-system tree biomass and carbon stock along the altitudinal gradient (Sharma et al, 2016c;Singh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock with Altitude under the Large Cardamom-based Traditional Agroforestry System of Darjeeling

..,

Sarkar,

Tamang

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been reported that the large cardamom-based traditional agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, India represents a sustainable land use system with a high potential to store and sequester biomass carbon. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in tree biomass stock and carbon accumulation of this indigenous system with altitude. The study area was classified into three altitude-classes as low (700–1200 m asl), mid (1200–1700 m asl) and high (> 1700 m asl). The tree biomass and carbon storage for low-, mid- and high-altitude classes was estimated at 630.17 and 296.18 Mg ha− 1, 397.05 and 186.61 Mg ha− 1 and 315.78 and 148.42 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi, Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana were the most ecologically important tree species based on IVI (important value index) in the low-, mid-, and high-altitude classes, respectively. The IVI and total biomass of the five most ecologically important tree species in low-, mid- and high-altitude ranged from 17.34–26.04, 18.15–37.56, 27.13–42.43 and 9.05-133.75 Mg ha− 1, 1.38–37.43 Mg ha− 1 and 19.0-72.1 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi occurred in all the altitude-classes among the five most ecologically important tree species. In the study area, the average ecosystem carbon storage was estimated at 295.02 Mg ha− 1. The contribution of soil organic carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock increased with the increasing altitude. In contrast, the contribution of biomass carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock decreased with the increase in altitude. The ecosystem carbon stock estimated for the low-altitude class was 36.43% and 45.30% higher than the mid- and high-altitude agroforestry systems. The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are thus a prospective carbon sink, both in vegetation and soil due to higher tree densities and natural resource conservation-based traditional farming practices.

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Impact of 28 year old agroforestry systems on soil carbon dynamics in Eastern Himalayas

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

Restoration of agroecosystems with conservation agriculture for food security to achievesustainabledevelopment goals

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock with Altitude under the Large Cardamom-based Traditional Agroforestry System of Darjeeling

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