Impact of 20∶4n−6 supplementation on the fatty acid composition and hemocyte parameters of the pacific oyster <i>crassostrea gigas</i>

Delaporte, Maryse; Soudant, Philippe; Moal, Jeanne; Giudicelli, Emilie; Lambert, Christophe; Séguineau, Catherine; Samain, Jean-François

doi:10.1007/s11745-006-5006-9

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In our experiment, despite a pre-conditioning period in which the oysters were exposed to low temperature and food conditions just after harvest, it is likely that reserves from summer storage remained in most tissues and that these contributed to the initial proximate values measured. This idea is in agreement with results already reported in O. edulis (Gabbott and Walker, 1971) C. gigas (Delaporte et al, 2006) and Pinctada mazatlanica (Saucedo et al, 2002), for which the apparent glycogen (80% of carbohydrate contents) and protein increase were observed from January to July, with a second minor peak from August to October.…”

Section: Impact Of Diets On Biochemical Responsessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Fatty acids were analysed after transesterification with BF3 according to Marty et al (1992) and Delaporte et al (2006), whereas sterols were evaluated after transesterification with sodium methoxide (Eder et al, 1992;Soudant et al, 2000). Fatty acids and sterols were identified by comparing their retention time with standards (23:0 for FA and cholestane for sterols).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The selection of an ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part B)

et al. 2012

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International audienceFour microalgae species (Rhodomonas salina, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Pavlova lutheri) were evaluated to estimate their potential as food for Ostrea edulis (L.) reproductive conditioning. Best ingestion and absorption were observed with R. salina (3.44 and 1.59 mg g− 1 h− 1, respectively), followed by T. pseudonana (2.75 and 0.98 mg g− 1 h− 1) and P. lutheri (2.40 and 0.91 mg g− 1 h− 1). Oysters fed T. weissflogii exhibited the lowest ingestion and absorption values (1.40 and 0.68 mg g− 1 h− 1). Proximate composition (proteins and carbohydrates) and lipid content (fatty acids and sterols) analysed in four main tissues (gonad, digestive gland, muscle and gills) also differed significantly with diet. Protein ranged from 355 mg g− 1 in the gonad of oysters fed P. lutheri to 837 mg g− 1 in gills of oysters fed T. weissflogii; whereas carbohydrates ranged from 17.5 mg g− 1 in gills of oysters fed P. lutheri to 271 mg g− 1 in gonads of oysters fed R. salina. An overall poor enrichment in total PUFAs across all diets masked some of their potential impact on nutrition. In gonad, however, the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (polar lipid fraction) were EPA (≈ 19% for oysters fed T. weissflogii and 14% for those fed P. lutheri) and DHA (17% for oysters fed P. lutheri and 15% for those fed R. salina). Sterol contents showed a clear transfer from food to oyster tissues except with P. lutheri, from which neither methylpavlovol nor ethylpavlovol (characteristic of Pavlophyceae) were detected in oyster tissues. Histological analysis showed that gametogenesis was active in oysters fed R. salina and T. weissflogii, whereas only low gonadic development occurred in unfed oysters or those fed P. lutheri. R. salina is accordingly highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock conditioning whereas P. lutheri should be excluded

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Section: Impact Of Diets On Biochemical Responsessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The selection of an ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part B)

et al. 2012

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“…Bivalve haemocyte membrane lipids contain elevated amounts of 20:4n-6, presumably to regulate immune responses (Delaporte et al, 2003). We suggest that the increase in 20:4n-6 levels during the spring-summer simulation may reflect an increased demand for 20:4n-6-rich immune cells to control bacterial proliferation in mussels (Delaporte et al, 2006).…”

Section: Membrane Lipids: Hva and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 83%

Temperature adaptation in two bivalve species from different thermal habitats: energetics and remodelling of membrane lipids

Pernet¹,

Tremblay

Comeau

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

168

124

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SUMMARY We compared lipid dynamics and the physiological responses of blue mussels Mytilus edulis, a cold-adapted species, and oysters Crassostrea virginica, a warmer-water species, during simulated overwintering and passage to spring conditions. To simulate overwintering, animals were held at 0°C, 4°C and 9°C for 3 months and then gradually brought to and maintained at 20°C for 5 weeks to simulate spring–summer conditions. Changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition were related to clearance rate and oxygen consumption. We found major differences between species in triglyceride (TAG) metabolism during overwintering. Mussels used digestive gland TAG stores for energy metabolism or reproductive processes during the winter, whereas oysters did not accumulate large TAG stores prior to overwintering. Mussel TAG contained high levels of 20:5n-3 compared to levels in oysters and in the diet. This may help to counteract the effect of low temperature by reducing the melting point of TAG and thus increasing the availability of storage fats at low temperature. Mussels seemed better able to mobilise 20:5n-3 and 18:4n-3 than other fatty acids. We also found that both bivalves underwent a major remodelling of membrane phospholipids. The unsaturation index decreased in the gills and digestive glands of both species during the early stages of warming, principally due to decreases in 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. In digestive glands, the unsaturation index did not increase with decreasing temperature beyond a threshold attained at 9°C whereas a perfect negative relationship was observed in gills, as predicted by homeoviscous adaptation. The presence of digestive enzymes and acids in the digestive gland microenvironment may lead to specific requirements for membrane stability. That oysters had lower metabolic rates than mussels coincides with a lower unsaturation index of their lipids, as predicted by Hulbert's theory of membranes as metabolic pacemakers. Both species showed increased 20:4n-6 levels in their tissues as temperature rose,suggesting an increasing availability of this fatty acid for eicosanoid biosynthesis during stress responses. The contrast between the species in TAG dynamics and the similarity of their phospholipid remodelling emphasises the essential functional role of membrane phospholipid structure and the contrasting use of TAG by oysters and mussels during overwintering.

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“…These changes were speculated to be related to fatty-acid composition modifications of R. philippinarum hemocytes resulting from diets. In the oyster C. gigas, arachidonic-acid supplementation induced an increase in hemocyte concentration, phagocytosis, and ROS production (Delaporte et al, 2006); whereas, eicosapentanoicacid supplementation resulted in a decrease in phagocytosis and ROS production . The diet of clams is mainly composed of microalgae.…”

Section: Hemocytes and Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

et al. 2009

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: Hemocytes are the immune effectors in clams, directing cellular but also humoral defences. In the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus), two phenotypically similar venerid species, fishery and aquaculture importance motivated scientific studies to improve knowledge about the participation of hemocytes in immune response. Currently, gaps still persist concerning the classification of hemocyte sub-populations as well as their non-immune activities. This review summarizes current knowledge about hemocytes of the Manila clam and the carpet shell clam, suggests some probable misinterpretations arising from extrapolations from other bivalves and vertebrates, and suggests future research prospects. The susceptibility of hemocytes to environmental modifications as well as biological and chemical toxicants is also re-evaluated. Hemocytes of bivalves are not limited in function to immunity and should be considered in a wider scheme including the environment and whole-animal physiology.

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Impact of 20∶4n−6 supplementation on the fatty acid composition and hemocyte parameters of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas

Cited by 64 publications

References 60 publications

The selection of an ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part B)

The selection of an ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part B)

Temperature adaptation in two bivalve species from different thermal habitats: energetics and remodelling of membrane lipids

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

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