Impact Modified Polyvinyl Chloride Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Effect of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and Graphene Oxide Loading

Abstract

A new thermoplastic elastomer with improved impact and tensile properties was produced through melt blending of graphene oxide filled nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR-GO) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) without the addition of plasticisers and thermal stabilisers. Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) compounds, with and without graphene oxide (GO) are prepared through latex compounding method and cured, prior to blending with PVC. The effect of NBR and NBR-GO loading on the process-ability and physico-mechanical properties of PVC blends were evaluated. The addition of NBR and NBR-GO improved tensile strength (TS), impact strength and swelling resistance of PVC. Addition of NBR also increased the stiffness of PVC due to higher elasticity of NBR as compared to PVC. Optimum impact strength, TS and swelling resistance was achieved with the addition of 10 wt. % NBR-GO. Good miscibility between NBR and PVC, and additional reinforcement by GO is responsible for enhancement of impact and TS. NBR-GO showed greater miscibility in PVC as compared to NBR as proven by morphological observation under scanning electron microscope. Morphological observation reveals that micro-cracks formation on PVC/30NBR surface which is responsible for low impact, tensile and swelling properties as compared to PVC/30NBR-GO composite.

Mechanical properties of calcium phosphate reinforced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biocomposite

“…The increase of modulus can be attributed to the sufficient stress transfer across the Polymer-CaP interface. 45-47 However this trend change when percentage of CaP was added from 15% to 30% as it shows decreasing value of elastic modulus from 102.416 MPa to 49.455 MPa. This shows the composite become more stiffness as increasing of CaP content will contribute to more brittle composite as nature of CaP is brittle.…”

Synthesis of Co(ll), Ni(ll), Cu(ll), Pd(ll), and Pt(lV) Complexes with 1⁴,1⁵,3⁴,3⁵-Tetrahydro-1¹<i>H</i>, 3¹<i>H</i>-4,8-diaza-1,3(3,4)-ditriazola-2,6(1,4)-dibenzenacyclooctaphane-4,7-dien-1⁵,3⁵-dithione, and the Thermal Stability of Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Complexes

“…It takes up more space than the original macromolecules when polymer bonds are damaged, resulting Surface morphologies (460× magnification) before and after 300 h of irradiation, microscopic images of PVC films (40 μm) blank and their complexes films were achieved in more fragments. UV irradiated polymer film can be damaged by micro-cracks forming as a result of the strains and stresses [31] induced by this break-down of internal defects such as cracks or impurities that are frequently responsible for the formation of cracks; undegraded PVC film does not have a unique micro-structure; the films are smooth and without any visible structural flaws.…”

“…UV radiation of polymers often leave behind micro pores of varying shapes and sizes as the volatile [32] vapor degradation products exit; holes were shown in a photodegraded PVC film as an example, due to hydrogen abstraction and the main chain scission reaction [31] PVC's chemical structure is very simple, consisting of varying ethylene and chloride groups, due to the voids and holes formed, the number of adsorbent surface and diffusion channels increases for the volatile, low molecular product, mainly HCl. As an outcome oxygen rapidly diffuses into the packing of the polymer, resulting in even more rapid oxidation of PVC films.…”