Impact Mechanics and High-Energy Absorbing Materials: Review

Qiao, Pizhong; Yang, Mijia; Bobaru, Florin

doi:10.1061/(asce)0893-1321(2008)21:4(235)

Cited by 126 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The interplay between these two parts of the telson, along with the composite nature of the cuticle, provides an interesting balance between stiffness and compliance that might facilitate greater effectiveness at resisting powerful ballistic impacts. Indeed, combining materials with different properties, such as energy absorbing fiber composites and penetration-resistant ceramics, is a common strategy used by engineers in the design of armor (Lee et al, 2001;Qiao et al, 2008).…”

Section: Morphology and Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies primarily focused on the behaviorfrequent, harmful impact loads experienced by humans (e.g. automobile crashes, explosions, gun shots), an extensive amount of research has been conducted on the design of impact-resistant armor (Cheeseman and Bogetti, 2003;Qiao et al, 2008;Tabiei and Nilakantan, 2008). To effectively resist impact, a material must be able to absorb the energy of the impact and resist penetration of an object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Taylor

Patek

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Resisting impact and avoiding injury are central to survival in situations ranging from the abiotic forces of crashing waves to biotic collisions with aggressive conspecifics. Although impacts and collisions in biology are ubiquitous, most studies focus on the material properties of biological structures under static loading. Here, we examine the mechanical impact properties of the mantis shrimp's telson, a piece of abdominal armor that withstands repeated, intense impacts from the potent hammer-like appendages used by conspecifics during ritualized fighting. We measured the coefficient of restitution, an index of elasticity, of the telson and compared it with that of an adjacent abdominal segment that is not impacted. We found that the telson behaves more like an inelastic punching bag than an elastic trampoline, dissipating 69% of the impact energy. Furthermore, although the abdominal segment provides no mechanical correlates with size, the telson's coefficient of restitution, displacement and impact duration all correlate with body size. The telson's mineralization patterns were determined through micro-CT (Computed Tomography) and correspond to the mechanical behavior of the telson during impact. The mineralized central region of the telson ‘punched’ inward during an impact whereas the surrounding areas provided elasticity owing to their reduced mineralization. Thus, the telson effectively dissipates impact energy while potentially providing the size-related information crucial to its role in conspecific assessment. This study reveals the mechanical infrastructure of impact resistance in biological armor and opens a new window to the biomechanical underpinnings of animal behavior and assessment.

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Section: Morphology and Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Taylor

Patek

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Thin walled structures have been extensively used as energy absorbers due to their high energy absorbing capacity, light weight and low price [2,3]. Thin walled structures having geometries such as circular [4] and square tubes [5], multi-corner columns [6], frusta, honeycomb cells, sandwich plates, which are filled with foam [7,8], liquid, sand or wood have been studied as energy absorbing systems in the literature [9,10]. Amongst them, thin walled tubes, in particular circular ones, are one of the most common collapsible energy absorbers due to the their low weights, manufacturing simplicity and high axial energy absorption capacity and therefore, are of great importance for the structural crashworthiness applications [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of axial crushing behavior of a tailor welded tube

Gedikli

2013

Materials & Design

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“…It is well known that carbon/epoxy composites exhibit significant strain-rate sensitivity under such conditions. Qiao et al (2008) reviewed topics of impact mechanics and computational modelling of impacts (such as FE method, mesh-free methods and peri-dynamics). In their review, constitutive models of strain rate-dependent polymeric composites and their implementation in micromechanics models were briefly introduced.…”

Section: High-velocity and Ballistic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Damage Evolution in Braided Composites: Recent Developments

Wang

Roy

Zhong

2017

Mech Adv Mater Mod Process

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Composites reinforced with woven or braided textiles exhibit high structural stability and excellent damage tolerance thanks to yarn interlacing. With their high stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios, braided composites are attractive for aerospace and automotive components as well as sports protective equipment. In these potential applications, components are typically subjected to multi-directional static, impact and fatigue loadings. To enhance material analysis and design for such applications, understanding mechanical behaviour of braided composites and development of predictive capabilities becomes crucial. Significant progress has been made in recent years in development of new modelling techniques allowing elucidation of static and dynamic responses of braided composites. However, because of their unique interlacing geometric structure and complicated failure modes, prediction of damage initiation and its evolution in components is still a challenge. Therefore, a comprehensive literature analysis is presented in this work focused on a review of the state-of-the-art progressive damage analysis of braided composites with finite-element simulations. Recently models employed in the studies on mechanical behaviour, impact response and fatigue analyses of braided composites are presented systematically. This review highlights the importance, advantages and limitations of as-applied failure criteria and damage evolution laws for yarns and composite unit cells. In addition, this work provides a good reference for future research on FE simulations of braided composites.

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Impact Mechanics and High-Energy Absorbing Materials: Review

Cited by 126 publications

References 146 publications

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Numerical investigation of axial crushing behavior of a tailor welded tube

Modelling of Damage Evolution in Braided Composites: Recent Developments

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