Impact improvement mechanism of HIPS with bimodal distribution of rubber particle size

Okamoto, Yasushi; Miyagi, Hiroshi; Kakugo, Masahiro; Takahashi, Kouji

doi:10.1021/ma00020a024

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The morphology of a two-phase system usually results to a balance between the breakup and coalescence of the dispersed domains in the flow field. 6 For uncompatibilized blends, the final particle size increases with the dispersed phase concentration because of increased coalescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights on nanosilica self-networking inducing ultra-toughness of rubber-modified polylactide-based materials

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights on nanosilica self-networking inducing ultra-toughness of rubber-modified polylactide-based materials

et al. 2015

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“…It is known that the bimodally distributed rubber particle size has a key role in the enhancement of toughness especially if the most rubber particles have less than 1 m in size. [30] Okamato suggested that the long extended crazes were induced by the large particles overlapped by the crazes from small particles in the vicinity of the large particles, leading to higher impact strength [31]. In the nanocomposite prepared in this study, dramatic increase observed in toughness value is most probably resulting from the rubber domain size of ca 200 and 700 nm acting as small and large domains creating abovementioned synergism.…”

Section: Static Mechanical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Preparation of super HIPS via nanocomposite assemblies in the presence of toughener- intercalant

et al. 2008

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Highly toughened super high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)/organophilic montmorillonite (Org-MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by solution blending method. Organophilic modification of MMT layered silicate was achieved by using a special toughener-intercalant, quaternary ammonium salt of -tertiary amine functionalized polybutadiene and shown by X-ray diffraction analysis. The resulting HIPS/Org-MMT nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and static and dynamic mechanical analyses. The morphological study of HIPS/Org-MMT nanocomposite showed that nanolayers were exfoliated in nanocomposite and moreover caused much more well dispersed and reduced PS occluded rubber domains. This mechanism was found to be responsible for dramatic increase in toughness of nanocomposites. Additionally, improved thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposite promises to open a new way for highly toughened super HIPSs via nanocomposite assemblies even with a very low degree of clay loading.

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“…In the devolatilization stage, the unreacted monomer is separated from the polymer. The final HIPS properties are essentially determined by the particle morphology and by the global molecular structure of the polymer mixture [5][6][7][8]. [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partition of tert-dodecyl mercaptan in systems containing styrene, polystyrene, and polybutadiene. Its effect on the macromolecular characteristics of high-impact poly styrene

et al. 2007

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This work investigates the distribution between phases of tert-dodecyl mercaptan (t-DDM) in systems containing styrene (St), polystyrene (PS), and polybutadiene (PB) with the aim of studying its effect on the molecular macrostructure of High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) produced via the bulk process. Experimental work involved the study of several St/PS/PB/t-DDM blends, and of 2 polymerizations of St in presence of PB (with and without t-DDM). Blends were prepared with increasing PS/St ratios to emulate monomer conversions of 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15%, employing 2 base PSs of different molar masses, and several total concentrations of t-DDM. Measurements by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR) indicate that t-DDM is almost evenly distributed between the phases at room temperature. In addition, for samples taken along the 2 investigated polymerizations, monomer conversion, grafting efficiency, and free PS molecular weights were measured. Theoretical work involved first to model the species partitions through the Flory-Huggins theory [1]; and then, to combine such partition model with a polymerization model extended from that by Casís et al. [2]. Theoretical estimations were in good agreement with experimental determinations. Simulations suggest that t-DDM partition coefficients exhibit a weak dependence with temperature, but a strong dependence with its total concentration. Also, the combined partition/polymerization model indicates that the free PS contained in the occlusion regions exhibits lower molecular weights than that in the continuous matrix.

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Impact improvement mechanism of HIPS with bimodal distribution of rubber particle size

Cited by 85 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanistic insights on nanosilica self-networking inducing ultra-toughness of rubber-modified polylactide-based materials

Mechanistic insights on nanosilica self-networking inducing ultra-toughness of rubber-modified polylactide-based materials

Preparation of super HIPS via nanocomposite assemblies in the presence of toughener- intercalant

Partition of tert-dodecyl mercaptan in systems containing styrene, polystyrene, and polybutadiene. Its effect on the macromolecular characteristics of high-impact poly styrene

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