Impact de quelques techniques de lavage sur la décontamination de tuiles et béton contaminés par du cesium et du strontium radioactifs

Camarasa-Claret, C.; Persin, F.; Real, José Sánchez

doi:10.1051/radiopro:2000104

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Claret and Real et al [64,65] spread aerosol surrogates from a reactor meltdown explosion that contained cesium and strontium in particulate form as non-metal and transition metal oxides. Prior tests had shown that 80% of the Cs and 70% of the Sr could be dissolved from the aerosol particulate in rain water after 2 h of exposure.…”

Section: Ionic Washmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

Kaminski

Lee

Magnuson

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Nuclear or radiological terrorism in the form of uncontrolled radioactive contamination presents a unique challenge in the field of nuclear decontamination. Potential targets require an immediate decontamination response, or mitigation plan to limit the social and economic impact. To date, experience with urban decontamination of building materials - specifically hard, porous, external surfaces - is limited to nuclear weapon fallout and nuclear reactor accidents. Methods are lacking for performing wide-area decontamination in an urban environment so that in all release scenarios the area may be re-occupied without evaluation and/or restriction. Also lacking is experience in developing mitigation strategies, that is, methods of mitigating contamination and its resultant radiation dose in key areas during the immediate aftermath of an event and after lifesaving operations. To date, the tremendous strategy development effort primarily by the European community has focused on the recovery phase, which extends years beyond the release event. In this review, we summarize the methods and data collected over the past 70 years in the field of hard, external surface decontamination of radionuclide contaminations, with emphasis on methods suitable for response to radiological dispersal devices and their potentially unique physico-chemical characteristics. This review concludes that although a tremendous amount of work has been completed primarily by the European Community (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK), the few studies existing on each technique permit only very preliminary estimates of decontamination factors for various building materials and methods and extrapolation of those values for use in environments outside the EU and UK. This data shortage prevents us from developing an effective and detailed mitigation response plan and remediation effort. Perhaps most importantly, while the data available does include valuable information on the practical aspects of performing the various remediation methods including costs, coverage rates, manpower, pitfalls, etc., it lacks the details on lessons learned, best practices, and standard procedures, for instance, that would be required to develop a mitigation strategy. While the urban decontamination problem is difficult and there is much more research to do, the existing literature provides a framework for a response plan. Using this framework, in conjunction with computer modeling and relevant data collection, can lead to development of appropriate plans and exercises that would permit development of a mitigation and remediation response.

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Section: Ionic Washmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

Kaminski

Lee

Magnuson

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Roed [29] first reported the difficulty of removing cesium after rain had dissolved it into various building materials due to its subsequent transport into the material and partial chemisorption onto surface sites or penetration into the interlayers of micas. Subsequent studies [30,31] on concrete found that rain produced a DF1 = 1.1-1.3, and a DF = 1.1-1.4 when the surface was washed by a firehose, but prolonged washing (> 2 h) with NH 4 Cl immediately after contamination [32,33] produced a DF = 2.5. Studies examined the efficacy of wash waters containing NH 4 + and Group 1 ions, but few have reported on a thorough survey of other types of salts, acids, surfactants, and chelators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of cesium sorption onto concrete materials and evaluation of wash agents: Implications for wide area recovery

Kaminski

Mertz

Jerden

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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To support the viability of a wash-down approach to mitigating nuclear contamination, this study presents a characterization of the aggregate of a common concrete by optical microscopy and the sorption-desorption characteristics of cesium from these into potential wash solutions. Various minerals with weathered surfaces displayed strong affinity for 137Cs with an effective partition coefficient Kd=120 mL/g for micas,>25-90 mL/g for feldspars, and>25-30 mL/g for amphiboles. The desorption Kd into 0.1M NH 4 Cl varied greatly but for amphiboles, sandstones, granite, and fine-grained quartzite it was>200 mL/g as a result of irreversible sorption. These same mineral phases are prevalent in all types of building materials, extending our conclusions more broadly to the problem of wide-area urban decontamination. In contrast, ionic solutions desorbed up to 98% of 137 Cs from cement, suggesting that fresh concretes with an intact surface layer of cement could be more easily decontaminated if Cs + interactions with the underlying minerals could be avoided. For practical applications common, non-hazardous chemicals such as sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are as effective or more effective than harsher chemicals and expensive chelating agents. For example, when treated shortly after exposure, on timescales commensurate with early response phase activities, 0.5M KCl could remove nearly 50% of bound 137 Cs from concrete aggregate. Statistical analyses showed that desorption from the fine aggregate benefited from higher K + and NH 4 + concentrations. These results suggest that contamination in large areas of the urban environment can be dramatically reduced using common chemicals obtained readily from local stores.

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Zeta-potential of concrete in presence of chelating agents

Popov¹,

Glazkova²,

Myagkov³

et al. 2007

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Impact de quelques techniques de lavage sur la décontamination de tuiles et béton contaminés par du cesium et du strontium radioactifs

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

Wide-area decontamination in an urban environment after radiological dispersion: A review and perspectives

A case study of cesium sorption onto concrete materials and evaluation of wash agents: Implications for wide area recovery

Zeta-potential of concrete in presence of chelating agents

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