Impact Analysis of the Electromagnetic Fields of Transformer Stations Close to Residential Buildings

Liptai, Pavol

doi:10.5593/sgem2014/b51/s20.048

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Files of magnetometer data are processed and displayed in an oscilloscopic mode on the screen. Figure 1 shows the entire measurement chain used for the measurement [29,36].…”

Section: Measurement and Evaluation Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

et al. 2021

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The aim of this contribution is to identify and quantify the magnetic field parameter (MP) devices for charging electric vehicles (EVs). An EV is a mobile device. The EV remains a mobile device even when it is charging in a fixed charging stand. ICNIRP and SBM standards apply to stable devices. A magnetic field (MF) creates local gradient fields that change cyclically over time near the charging stations. The rotating vector MF is a specific parameter. An MF is evaluated by its strength and spatial changes. The triaxial fluxgate magnetometer VEMA-041 was used for the measurements. The MF was observed in the frequency range of 0–250 Hz, and the magnetic induction density was from T 2 × 10−9 T to 2 × 10−5 T, with a sensitivity of 1.7 nT. The MF analysis was performed within the time and frequency range. The rotating vector MF was identified at the measurement points. Measurements were realized for the charge under the following parameters: cables, 600 A; transformer, 250 kVA (22 kV/400 V); a cab-fixed charging stand, and an AC/DC charger in the EV. EV charging was performed with 6.6 kW of power and 43-kW fast charging. The measured results were satisfactory, according to the ICNIRP and SBM 2015 standard. The values measured at a distance of 1 m from the wall of the transformer were BRMS < 2 µT. BRMS values <3 µT were measured in the space of the cable’s entry into the distribution box. EV values should not be assessed under this regulation. However, an EV is a mobile device. In the selected EV sample (a first-generation Nissan Leaf), a frequency of 10 Hz and its multiples were detected during charging. The frequencies were generated in an AC/DC charger in the EV. These frequencies reached BRMS < 0.2 µT in the driver’s footwell. The maximum value of the MF rotating vector was Btota l< 0.3 µT and was directed to the crew area of the EV. The AC/DC charger generated BRMS = 0.95 µTin the driver’s footwell. It is necessary to look for new tools for evaluating MFs for EVs, such as the standards used for stable sources today. These standards should be based on dosimetric principles.

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“…Files of magnetometer data are processed and displayed in an oscilloscopic mode on the screen. Figure 1 shows the entire measurement chain used for the measurement [29,36].…”

Section: Measurement and Evaluation Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

et al. 2021

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“…This non-linear effect is caused at the light propagation of two or more wavelengths in one optical fibre [15][16][17]. It results in a new light wave in the optical fibre, called idler, whose wavelength is not identical with as the wavelengths of the input light [18,20]. When three signals with the frequency f i , f j and f k are propagated in one optical fibre, through the interaction betweeen these signals a new signal will be generated with the frequency of:…”

Section: Mathematical Description Of Awgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of FWM with AWG Multiplexor in DWDM System

Ivaniga

Turán

et al. 2018

ELECTROTECHNICAL REVIEW

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This article focuses on the creation of the sixteen-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) system according to the recommendation ITU-T G.694.1. Currently it is not possible to form a fully optical communication system without testing all non-linear effects possibly influencing its performance. The trend in high-speed transfer communication systems is using the multiplex, so we focused on the AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) multiplexor/demultiplexor. For the purpose of this article we have created a DWDM system with the speed of 10Gbps where we compared two line codes, namely NRZ (Non Return Zero) and BRZ (Bipolar Return Zero) for the channel gaps of 12.5GHz and 100GHz. The individual codes were created in the "Matlab" programme and consequently implemented into the environment generated by "OptSim" by the RSoft company. The resulting signal was evaluated based on BER (Bit Error Rate) and the connected Q-factor for the channel No.3. The created system shows the influence of the system by the non-linear effect FWM (Four Wave Mixing) during the compression between the channels. Streszczenie. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu utworzenie szesnastowego kanału DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) zgodnie z normą ITU-T G.694.1. Obecnie nie jest możliwe wdrożenie w pełni optycznego systemu komunikacyjnego bez testowania wszystkich zjawisk nieliniowych, które mogą działać w danym systemie w czasie rzeczywistym. Ponieważ w systemach transmisji danych o dużej szybkości wykorzystuje się multipleks, skupiliśmy się na multiplekserze i demultiplekserze AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating). W artykule zbadano system DWDM o szybkości 10Gbps, porównujący dwa kody linii NRZ (Non Return Zero) i BRZ (Bipolar Return Zero) dla kanałów 12.5 GHz i 100 GHz. Poszczególne kody zostały utworzone w programie Matlab, a następnie zostały wdrożone w środowisku OptSim przez firmę RSoft. Powstały system jest obliczany na podstawie szybkości błędu bitowego BER i związanego z tym współczynnika Q dla określonego kanału nr 3. Utworzony system pokazuje wpływ na system poprzez efekt nieliniowy FWM (Four Wave Mixing) podczas kompresji między kanałami. (Wpływ FWM z multiplekserem AWG w systemie DWDM).

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“…With RZ-DPSK modulation RZ impulse is being modulated instead of CW signal -the optical impulse is in every bit slot and is decoded as a phase displacement 0 or π between adjacent bits [21], [22]. Contrary to PSK, where the detection methods try to be exact with bearing phase, with DPSK the demand is not so high on the dispersion bearing [23], [24].…”

Section: Modulation In Optical Network (Dpsk Rz-dpsk)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of DPSK and RZ-DPSK Modulations in Optical Channel with Speed of 10 Gbps

Ivaniga

2017

JIOS

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<div>This article is devoted to the problematic of error rate and modulations in optical communication. Optic waveguide shows insufficiencies in high speed transfers manifested by corrupted transfer. Although modern technological processes contributed to lowering these insufficiencies, it would be uneconomical to completely reconstruct the optical network infrastructure. The solution is only partial so we approach more economical methods, such as modulations. The article works with a 10 Gbps channel with two modulation types, namely DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keyed) and RZ-DPSK (Return to Zero-Differential Phase Shift Keyed). These modulations are evaluated and compared according to BER (Bit Error Rate) and Q-factor.<div> </div></div>

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Impact Analysis of the Electromagnetic Fields of Transformer Stations Close to Residential Buildings

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

The Influence of FWM with AWG Multiplexor in DWDM System

Comparison of DPSK and RZ-DPSK Modulations in Optical Channel with Speed of 10 Gbps

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