Immuntherapie – Die neue Ära in der Onkologie

Abstract

ZuSammenfaSSungIn den letzten Jahren wurden bedeutende Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Immuntherapie erreicht mit teils langanhaltendem Therapieansprechen bei unterschiedlichsten Tumorentitäten. Die Basis hierfür bildet ein verbessertes Verständnis der Interaktion zwischen Tumor und Immunsystem und der damit verbundenen Integration immuntherapeutischer Ansätze in die klinische Routine. Die hierbei eingesetzten immuntherapeutischen Strategien greifen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Immunantwort ein, för-dern direkt oder indirekt die Zerstörung der Tumorzellen durch die körpereigene Abwehr und reichen von Zytokintherapien über Vakzinierungen und den Einsatz onkolytischer Viren bis hin zu monoklonalen Antikörpertherapien und dem adoptiven Zelltransfer. aBStractIn the field of immunotherapy, essential progress was achieved over the past years partially demonstrating long lasting therapeutic responses in different tumor entities. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor and the immune system as well as the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches into clinical routine were the foundations for this development. The different approaches intervene on multiple levels of the immune response and directly or indirectly mount the patient's own immune defense against tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches are represented by cytokine therapies, vaccinations, the use of oncolytic viruses and monoclonal antibody therapies as well as adoptive cell transfer strategies.

Fibroblast activation protein promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating the immunity

“…M1 macrophages could secrete IL‐6 to exert the properties of tumor suppressor (Chanmee et al, 2014). The M2 macrophages were polarized by IL‐4, IL‐10, and IL‐13, which produce mass IL‐10, TGF‐β and few IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐12 to promote tumor progression and induce cancer metastasis (Kansy & Lang, 2018). Compared to cirrhosis patients, ascitic fluid IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels were observably increased in HCC patients, and the levels of IL‐2 and IL‐10 were elevated in ascitic fluid than in serum of the same HCC patients (Atta et al, 2021).…”

“…M1 macrophages could secrete IL-6 to exert the properties of tumor suppressor (Chanmee et al, 2014). The M2 macrophages were polarized by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, which produce mass IL-10, TGF-β and few IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 to promote tumor progression and induce cancer metastasis (Kansy & Lang, 2018).…”