Immunotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Butyltins on Human Natural Killer Cells in Vitro

Whalen, Margaret M.; Loganathan, Bommanna G.; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1006/enrs.1999.3968

Cited by 268 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Environmental contamination by DRCs constitutes one additional obstacle for these marine mammals to reach their natural longevity and reproduce at a physiologically normal rate. The concerns generated by the DRC contamination are amplified when it is taken into account that these cetaceans are exposed to other persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs) that have been shown to be endocrine disrupters, tumor promoters and immunosuppressors as well (Schecter et al, 2006;Simonyte et al, 2006;Sonne et al, 2006a;Whalen et al, 1999). The high exposure of cetaceans from Brazil to cadmium (Dorneles et al, 2007a(Dorneles et al, , 2007b, mercury (Lailson-Brito et al, 2012a), organochlorine pesticides (Lailson-Brito et al, 2011, 2010, 2012b, as well as to organotin (Dorneles et al, 2008b), perfluoroalkyl (Dorneles et al, 2008a) and organobrominated (Alonso et al, 2012;Dorneles et al, 2010) compounds has already been reported.…”

Section: A Serious Pcb Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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• Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans • Negative correlations were found between length and TEQ values in franciscanas.• PCB concentrations found are among the highest ever reported for cetaceans. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, Guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (DRCs). Samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (Southeast and Southern Brazilian regions). Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans. Non-ortho coplanar PCBs, for franciscanas (82%), and mono-ortho PCBs (up to 80%), for delphinids, constituted the groups of highest contribution to total TEQ. Regarding franciscana dolphins, significant negative correlations were found between total length (TL) and three variables, ΣTEQ-DRCs, ΣTEQ-PCDF and ΣTEQ non-ortho PCB. An increasing efficiency of the detoxifying activity with the growth of the animal may be a plausible explanation for these findings. This hypothesis is reinforced by the significant negative correlation found between TL and PCB126/PCB169 concentration ratio. DRC concentrations (ng/g lipids) varied from 36 to 3006, for franciscana dolphins, as well as from 356 to 30,776, for delphinids. The sum of dioxin-like and indicator PCBs varied from 34,662 to 279,407 ng/g lipids, for Guiana dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state, which are among the highest PCB concentrations ever reported for cetaceans. The high concentrations found in our study raise concern not only on the conservation of Brazilian coastal cetaceans, but also on the possibility of human health problem due to consumption of fish from Brazilian estuaries.

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Section: A Serious Pcb Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Es verminderte zudem ab 0,5 mmol/l nach 24-stündiger Inkubation die Funktion humaner natürlicher Killerzellen. MBTC wirkte in dieser Anordnung bei 5,0 mmol/l inhibierend, TBTC bereits bei 0,2 mmol/l (Whalen et al 1999). Ausgehend von Beobachtungen über Vermännlichung und Infertilität ("Imposex") bei marinen Gastropoden nach Kontamination mit Tri-n-butylzinn unter Freilandbedingungen (BUA 2003) wurde TBTC als kompetitiver Inhibitor der mikrosomalen Aromatase der menschlichen Plazenta (IC50 6,2 mM) beschrieben.…”

Section: Sonstige Wirkungenunclassified

n‐Butylzinnverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2008]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 44. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Aufnahme, Verteilung, Ausscheidung Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Auge Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Sonstige Wirkungen Bewertung

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“…Tributyltin (TBT) has been used in a variety of anti-microbial applications (Kimbrough, 1976;Roper, 1992). TBT has been found in fish (Kannan et al, 1995a, b, c), various household products such as siliconized-paper baking parchments (Yamada et al, 1993), and in human blood Whalen et al, 1999). Triphenyltin (TPT) is used as a fungicide on major food and food-stock crops (Kannan and Lee, 1996;Federal Register, 2000;USDA, 2000;USDA, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a series of triorganotins on ATP levels in human natural killer cells

Holloway

Pannell

Whalen

2008

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Natural killer (NK) cells are our initial immune defense against viral infections and cancer development. Thus, agents that are able to interfere with their function increase the risk of cancer and/or infection. A series of triorganotins, (trimethyltin (TMT), dimethylphenyltin (DMPT), methyldiphenyltin (MDPT), and triphenyltin (TPT)) have been shown to decrease the lytic function of human NK cells. TPT and MDPT were much more effective than DMPT or TMT at reducing lytic function. This study investigates the role that decreased ATP levels may play in decreases in the lytic function of NK cells induced by these OTs. A 24 h exposure to as high as 10 μM TMT caused no decrease in ATP levels even though this level of TMT caused a greater than 75% loss of lytic function. TPT at 200 nM caused a decrease in ATP levels of about 20% while decreasing lytic function by greater than 85%. There was no association between ATP levels and lytic function for any of the compounds when NK cells were exposed for 1h or 24 h. However, after a 48 h exposure to both DMPT and TPT decreased lytic function was associated with decreased ATP levels. There was an association between decreased lytic function and decreased ATP levels after a 6 day exposure to each of the four compounds. These studies indicate that the loss of lytic function seen after 1 h and 24 h exposures to this series of organotins cannot be accounted for by decreases in ATP. However, after longer exposures loss of lytic function may be in part be attributable to inadequate ATP levels.

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Immunotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Butyltins on Human Natural Killer Cells in Vitro

Cited by 268 publications

References 36 publications

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

n‐Butylzinnverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2008]

Effects of a series of triorganotins on ATP levels in human natural killer cells

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