Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Haase, Hajo; Fahlenkamp, Astrid; Schettgen, Thomas; Esser, André; Gube, Monika; Ziegler, Patrick; Kraus, Thomas; Rink, Lothar

doi:10.3390/ijerph13030295

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Dysfunction of the immune system can lead to autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers . Until now, a number of studies have demonstrated that a wide range of xenobiotics can result in the disruption of immune function . FTOHs can be taken up via the breath and routine diet in mammals and then distributed through the bloodstream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes immunotoxicity and liver injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice

Wang

Kong

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH) is widely used in houseware and industrial goods and is ubiquitous in the surrounding environment. 8:2 FTOH has been linked to hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, as well as endocrine-disrupting effects. However, as of yet, the research regarding immunotoxicity of 8:2 FTOH remains largely limited. In the present study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were administered with 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/d 8:2 FTOH by gavage for 28 days to investigate its immunotoxicity in vivo. The results showed that exposure to 8:2 FTOH caused increases in liver weight and histological changes in the liver, including vacuolation, cell swelling, immune cell infiltration, karyopyknosis and nuclear swelling. No histological change in either the spleen or the thymus was observed after administration of 8:2 FTOH. In addition, exposure to 8:2 FTOH reduced the concentration of IL-1β in serum, and mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in both the thymus and spleen. CXCL-1 mRNA expression was downregulated in both the liver and thymus after 8:2 FTOH administration, while only IL-1β mRNA expression was upregulated in the liver. Moreover, the exposure of primary cultured splenocytes to 8:2 FTOH inhibited the ConA-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes at concentrations of 30 and 100 μM, and the LPS-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes at 100 μM. Furthermore, 8:2 FTOH inhibited the level of secreted IFN-γ in ConA-stimulated splenocytes. The results obtained in the study demonstrated that 8:2 FTOH posed potential immunotoxicity and liver injury in mice. Our findings will provide novel data for the health risk assessment of 8:2 FTOH. K E Y W O R D S 8:2 FTOH, immunotoxicity, liver injury, mice, oxidative stress 1 | INTRODUCTION Fluorotelomers, as fluorocarbon-based oligomers or telomers, have various applications in food packaging, home furnishings, fire-fighting foams, surfactants, textiles, adhesives, waxes, polishes, and leather. 1 It was reported that the market size of fluorotelomers was 26.5 kt in 2015, and its annual growth rate is estimated to be 12.7%. 2 Among fluorotelomers, fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) products dominate global consumption; these products reportedly made up approximately 32% of the overall volume of fluorotemomers in 2013. 3 8:2 FTOH is the most abundant FTOH homologue and is ubiquitous in the environment. 4 Chen et al. 5 detected FTOHs in several wastewater treatment plants in China, and the study also found that 8:2 FTOH was the primary FTOH in the influent, secondary effluent, and sludge, with the concentrations ranging from 2.10 to 11.0 ng/L, 3.05 to 12.4 ng/L, and 0.36 to 1.91 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Bach et al. 6 assessed 14 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water samples in France and found that the concentrations of 8:2 FTOH were 117 ng/L and 213 ng/L in tap and surface water, respectively. Additionally, 8:2 FTOH was commonly detected in food contact materials (FCMs). For example, 8:2 FTOH was detected in most Chinese and American FCM samples at concentra...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes immunotoxicity and liver injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice

Wang

Kong

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…A broad range of industrial and environmental chemicals have been suggested to target the immune system . The increased occurrence of immune‐related diseases in recent decades can in part be traced back to the resultant disruption of immune functions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Wang

Gao

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Bifenthrin (BF) is an important synthetic pyrethroid. Previous studies have demonstrated that cis-BF exhibits toxic effects on development, the neurological, reproductive and endocrine system. In this study, we evaluated the immunotoxicity caused by cis-BF in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed orally to 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks. The results showed that body weight, spleen weight, and splenic cellularity decreased in mice exposed to 20 mg/kg/d cis-BF. Additionally, we found that the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α, in peritoneal macrophages, the spleen, and the thymus were inhibited in the cis-BF-treated groups. Moreover, MTT assays demonstrated that cis-BF inhibited splenocyte proliferation stimulated by LPS or Con A, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ on Con A stimulation. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that exposure to cis-BF has the potential to induce immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice.

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“…Using genomic location of the FDR significant CpGs and the GREAT functional annotation program we identified a group of immunological molecular signatures. It is established that PCBs can have effects on the immune system [60][61][62], and our data suggest that PCB exposures may be perturbing the epigenetic profile of immune system genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Pre-conceptional maternal exposure to cyclophosphamide results in modifications of DNA methylation in F1 and F2 mouse oocytes: evidence for transgenerational effects

et al. 2019

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Anniston, Alabama was home to a major polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production facility from 1929 until 1971. The Anniston Community Health Survey I and II (ACHS-I 2005-2007, ACHS-II 2013-2014) were conducted to explore the effects of PCB exposures. In this report we examined associations between PCB exposure and DNA methylation in whole blood using EPIC arrays (ACHS-I, n = 518; ACHS-II, n = 299). For both cohorts, 35 PCBs were measured in serum. We modelled methylation versus PCB wet-weight concentrations for: the sum of 35 PCBs, mono-ortho substituted PCBs, di-ortho substituted PCBs, tri/tetra-ortho substituted PCBs, oestrogenic PCBs, and antiestrogenic PCBs. Using robust multivariable linear regression, we adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking, total lipids, and six blood cell-type percentages. We carried out a two-stage analysis; discovery in ACHS-I followed by replication in ACHS-II. In ACHS-I, we identified 28 associations (17 unique CpGs) at p ≤ 6.70E-08 and 369 associations (286 unique CpGs) at FDR p ≤ 5.00E-02. A large proportion of the genes have been observed to interact with PCBs or dioxins in model studies. Among the 28 genome-wide significant CpG/PCB associations, 14 displayed replicated directional effects in ACHS-II; however, only one in ACHS-II was statistically significant at p ≤ 1.70E-04. While we identified many novel CpGs significantly associated with PCB exposures in ACHS-I, the differential methylation was modest and the effect was attenuated seven years later in ACHS-II, suggesting a lack of persistence of the associations between PCB exposures and altered DNA methylation in blood cells.

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Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes immunotoxicity and liver injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice

8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes immunotoxicity and liver injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Pre-conceptional maternal exposure to cyclophosphamide results in modifications of DNA methylation in F1 and F2 mouse oocytes: evidence for transgenerational effects

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