Immunotoxic mechanisms of cigarette smoke and heat-not-burn tobacco vapor on Jurkat T cell functions

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

“…With respect to those studies published by independent researchers, three concluded that exposure to aerosols produced from the IQOS heated tobacco product produced detrimental effects on the respiratory system which were comparable, in some instances, to those effects seen with conventional cigarette mainstream smoke (Bhat et al, 2021;Vivarelli et al, 2021;Daou et al, 2021) whilst the fourth reported significantly higher levels of metallothionein I and II expression after exposure to conventional cigarette mainstream smoke than after exposure to aerosol from the IQOS heated tobacco product (Scharf et al, 2021). In the first study, male and female C57BL/6NCr mice were exposed to experimentally-generated aerosol from the IQOS heated tobacco product or mainstream smoke from the 3R4F Kentucky Reference cigarette for a total of 5 hours per day for 2 weeks with 20 sticks being consumed each day (Bhat et al, 2021).…”

“…Assessment of oxidative stress by quantification of intracellular oxidised and reduced glutathione in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by separate authors reached comparable conclusions albeit after more intensive exposure conditions for the heated tobacco product under investigation (IQOS) (Dusautoir et al, 2021) whilst a second research group reported that changes in intracellular glutathione were significantly less pronounced for the IQOS heated tobacco product than for either a commercially available conventional cigarette or the 3R4F Kentucky Reference cigarette (Wang L et al, 2020). Exposure of Jurkat T cells to either filtered air, conventional cigarette mainstream smoke or aerosol from the IQOS heated tobacco product for a thirty-minute period demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in cell viability, an increase in necrotic cells and a greater percentage of early (but not late) apoptotic cells but no statically significant increases in oxygen and nitrogen reactive species and oxidative DNA damage (Scharf et al, 2021).…”

“…Numerous chronic rodent exposure studies investigating the biological and histopathological effects of exposure to experimentally produced aerosols from the EHCSSS and THS 2.1/THS2.2 heated tobacco products (also known as Heatbar and IQOS respectively) have been published by PMI. In addition to those chronic rodent exposure studies reported by PMI, four studies undertaken by independent researchers have been published within the last year (Bhat et al, 2021;Scharf et al, 2021;Vivarelli et al, 2021;Daou et al, 2021) as well as the independent development of an aerosol exposure apparatus for in vivo experiments using heated tobacco products (Sawa et al, 2021).…”

“…Exposure to heated tobacco product aerosol did produce an increase in albumin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice and an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels in diabetic mice only. In the fourth study, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered air (as a control), to mainstream smoke from Marlboro Red conventional cigarettes or aerosol from the IQOS heated tobacco product (Scharf et al, 2021). Both products were smoked using the Health Canada Intense regime and mice were exposed for one hour twice per day for five days prior to sacrifice.…”

Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease

“…It generates more than 8000 compounds, and almost 70 are classified as carcinogens [ 38 ]. Indeed, tobacco-released products can trigger several deleterious effects and impair multiple function, such as hematopoiesis [ 39 ], autoimmune and inflammatory responses [ 40 , 41 ], metabolism [ 42 ], respiratory functions [ 43 ] and so on. As a possible harm reduction tool to current smokers, tobacco products lacking the combustion process have emerged worldwide [ 44 , 45 ].…”